Introduction of Computed Tomography (CT) into Routine Forensic Pathology Practice
Michael P. Burke in Forensic Pathology of Fractures and Mechanisms of Injury, 2012
In many jurisdictions around the world, the practice of forensic pathology is in the process of change. For many years the autopsy rates in hospitals have been declining. In many major teaching hospitals a full conventional autopsy examination with dissection of each organ system and formal neuropathological examination of the brain is uncommon. The reasons for this change are diverse. In most hospital pathology departments the autopsy is seen as less important than providing the routine surgical pathology service. The deceased’s next of kin are given more information about the autopsy and are more active in the decisionmaking process. Some reasons for objection to autopsy are emotive, some due to religious concerns, whereas others are purely logistical (i.e., wanting timely organization of the funeral).
The Origin and Nature of Pathology
Jeremy R. Jass in Understanding Pathology, 2020
The word pathology, derived from the Greek roots pathos (suffering) and logos (word), means the study of disease. Pathology has therefore been a subject of great and widespread interest throughout history, though the professional pathologist has existed for little more than a century and a half. The natural philosophers of ancient Greece carried out human dissection and possibly human vivisection in Alexandria. In Roman times, the body was considered sacrosanct and human dissection was neither permitted nor carried out (despite the opportunities afforded by the mutilated remains of gladiatorial combat). Human dissection began again in the late Middle Ages at the University of Bologna. Dissection was eventually formalised into an annual ritual in Bologna, Padua and other universities in Italy and subsequently other European centres. The Renaissance was characterised by an intense interest in the ancient world, and scholars rediscovered the original Greek sources of Galen’s work.
Educational Role of Pathology
Jeremy R. Jass in Understanding Pathology, 2020
Generally speaking, anatomical pathologists (regardless of whether they are employed by universities, hospital authorities or private companies, or are self-employed) represent a subspecialty group within the medical profession. The term profession implies an organisation which offers a service that is founded on a body of knowledge, skills, attitudes and ethical codes that has developed over many years, indeed centuries. Human pathology is relatively meaningless as an isolated discipline. Histology, gross anatomy, genetics, embryology, molecular biology, microbiology, physiology and biochemistry are prerequisites for an understanding of disordered structure and function. Anatomical pathology is an intensely visual discipline and as such its teaching is visually based. The needs of the medical student have rarely been defined, and most medical students report that their medical education did not prepare them for life on the wards.
Examining associations among sensitivity to punishment and reward, shame, and eating pathology through tests of mediation
Published in Eating Disorders, 2018
Alexandra N Brockdorf, Grace A Kennedy, Pamela K Keel
ABSTRACT This study investigated associations between sensitivity to punishment and reward, shame, and eating pathology by testing alternative mediation models in which shame mediated associations between temperament and eating pathology or eating pathology mediated associations between temperament and shame. Participants were 96 female undergraduate students who completed questionnaires. Results indicated shame fully mediated the relationship between sensitivity to punishment and eating pathology. Further, eating pathology did not mediate the association between sensitivity to punishment and shame. In contrast, for sensitivity to reward, shame fully mediated the relationship between sensitivity to reward and eating pathology, and eating pathology fully mediated the relationship between sensitivity to reward and shame. If associations are supported by longitudinal research, results suggest that it may be valuable to develop prevention approaches targeting shame to reduce risk for the development of eating pathology for those who are high in sensitivity to punishment. For those higher in sensitivity to reward, interventions targeting shame may reduce risk for eating pathology and those targeting eating pathology may reduce shame.
Current and prospective speech-language pathology students' reports of exposure to speech-language pathology
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2008
This paper presents findings of an investigation into the amount of exposure to the speech-language pathology profession that is reported by current and prospective speech-language pathology students. This study investigated both therapeutic and social exposures to speech-language pathology (SLP) as both were considered to play a role in providing information about the profession (e.g., work settings, professional demographics and caseloads). The results showed that the greater majority of both the current and prospective speech-language pathology students had some type of exposure to speech-language pathology either prior to entering or prior to considering entering the speech-language pathology program. Furthermore, both the current and prospective speech-language pathology students reported being influenced by their prior exposure the speech-language pathology profession. Finally, the results showed that parents played a large role in career choice for the current and prospective students, and this may have also included influence through parents' own exposure to speech-language pathology through work settings.
Individual pathology and family pathology
Published in Australian Journal of Psychology, 1987
Interpersonal pathology of the family was defined in a way that was conceptually distinct from the pathology of its individual members. Three manifestations of family pathology—inter-member conflict, low solidarity, and member dissatisfaction—were found to covary in three different samples of 96, 46, and 50 “normal-range” families, containing a total of 724 responding members. Three aspects of individual pathology—neurotic symptoms, low self-esteem, and dissatisfaction with life circumstances—were also found to covary over individuals in each of the three samples. Members of the same family tended to display similar levels of individual pathology. By means of a split-sample analysis, used to avoid confounding of independent and dependent variables, it was found that the mean level of individual pathology among family members was correlated with the level of interpersonal pathology displayed by their family. Performance in extra-familial roles—as friend, student, or employee—was generally independent of family pathology, although the adequacy of role performance (as judged by role partners) was often found to depend jointly on the level of individual pathology and on individual cultural competence, as measured by objective tests. It appeared that individual pathology of children was more strongly related than that of their parents to the level of family pathology.
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