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Oral Health
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
Ana Moura Teles, José Manuel Cabeda
In primary infections, predominant taxa detected include species of Peptostreptococcus, Parvimonasmicra, Filifactoralocis, and P. alactolyticus, and species of Dialister, F. nucleatum, T. denticola, P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, Prevotella baroniae, P. intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Bacteroidaceae [G-1] HOT272 (Siqueira and Rocas 2009). Enterococcus faecalis was detected, but in lower levels. However, in retreatment cases advocated for secondary or persistent endodontic infections, the predominant taxa include Enterococcus species such as E. faecalis, Parvimonas micra, Filifactor alocis, P. alactolyticus, Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus anginosus, and Propionibacterium propionicum (Aw 2016; Krishnan et al. 2017).
Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Alasdair M. Geddes, Ian M. Gould, Jason A. Roberts, Jason A. Trubiano, M. Lindsay Grayson
Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci, which include Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus spp. and anaerobic streptococci, were nearly always highly susceptible to Pen G (Tally et al., 1975; Sutter and Finegold, 1976), but more recently resistance rates of 10–24% have been reported (Greenwood and Palfreyman, 1987; Panichi et al., 1990). Others have also reported significant penicillin resistance in Finegoldia magna (16%), Micromonas micros (8%), and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (Reig and Baquero, 1994; Wren, 1996). No beta-lactamase has been described in anaerobic Gram-positive cocci, suggesting altered PBPs as the main mechanisms of resistance. A 10-country European survey of 299 isolates mainly described F. magna and Parvimonas micra (formerly Peptostreptococcus micros) (Brazier et al., 2008). All were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin, but 7% (n = 21) were resistant to penicillin (n = 13) and/or clindamycin (n =12). From a recent Australian survey of oral anaerobes, 74.5% of 106 Prevotella spp. isolates were penicillin susceptible. Overall 77.6% of 201 oral anaerobes were penicillin susceptible (Warnke et al., 2008).
Therapeutic methods of gut microbiota modification in colorectal cancer management – fecal microbiota transplantation, prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, Agnieszka Daca, Mateusz Fic, Thierry van de Wetering, Marcin Folwarski, Wojciech Makarewicz
The identification of CRC-associated pathogens is crucial for establishing gut microbiota as a potential screening tool for colorectal cancer.20,21 The fecal microbiome can be used as a tool toward developing targeted noninvasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer, as shown by Yu et al. who investigated ethnically different cohorts (Danish, French, Austrian, and Chinese).22 It was confirmed that there was a link between the presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Peptostreptococcus stomatis and colorectal cancer. Furthermore, there was also an association found with other several species, such as Parvimonas micra and Solobacterium moorei. Twenty microbial gene markers were identified in their Chinese population that differentiated between the microbiome of colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls and four of those markers were also present in the Danish cohort. These four genes distinguished colorectal cancer metagenomes from controls with areas under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) of 0.72 and 0.77 in French and Austrian cohorts, respectively. Additionally, the co-occurrence of Parvimonas micra and Fusobacterium nucleatum suggests that there may be cooperation between those two species not only in colonization but also in the progression of CRC. It is possible that if an abundance of those bacteria is present in CRC samples as early as in stage II of CRC, these might be useful as noninvasive early diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer when assayed from fecal samples.22
Defining the gut microbiota in individuals with periodontal diseases: an exploratory study
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2018
Talita Gomes Baeta Lourenςo, Sarah J. Spencer, Eric John Alm, Ana Paula Vieira Colombo
OTUs representing traditionally oral species were frequently detected in stool samples across the entire patient population. Over 100 species/phylotypes representative of oral microorganisms were identified. OTUs of oral organisms within species- or genus-level taxonomic groups, detected at total numbers ≥ 100 reads in all samples were selected and their numbers averaged within groups. Figure 4 presents the mean number of reads for oral OTUs. The top 10 organisms detected in high mean reads were Bacteroides heparinolyticus, Alloprevotella rava, Fusobacterium spp., Streptococcus australis, Tannerella spp., Lachnospiraceae [G-2] spp., Oribacterium sp. OT102, Prevotella spp., Prevotella maculosa and Neisseria spp. Significant differences in oral taxa counts among groups were observed for S. australis, Prevotella spp., Rothia eria, Granulicatella adiacens, Oribacterium asaccharolyticum and Porphyromonas sp. OT930 (present in high mean reads in G compared to the other groups), and Peptostreptococcaceae [XI][G-6] which was predominant in PH individuals (Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney tests, p < 0.01). Other oral species, including several oral pathogens (Prevotella maculosa, Prevotella veroralis, Prevotella denticola, Slackia exigua, Campylobacter curvus, Porphyromonas sp. OT930 and OT279, Dialister invisus, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Alloprevotella tannerae, Prevotella oulorum, Treponema maltophilum, Campylobacter rectus, Filifactor alocis and Parvimonas micra) were detected across samples regardless of periodontal status (Figure 4).
Mucosa-associated microbiota dysbiosis in colitis associated cancer
Published in Gut Microbes, 2018
Mathias L. Richard, Giuseppina Liguori, Bruno Lamas, Giovanni Brandi, Gregory da Costa, Thomas W. Hoffmann, Massimo Pierluigi Di Simone, Carlo Calabrese, Gilberto Poggioli, Philippe Langella, Massimo Campieri, Harry Sokol
The comparison of the mucosa-associated microbiota between CAC and SC confirmed the significant enrichment in Fusobacterium in SC. Several other genera were significantly increased in SC such as Ruminococcus, Phascolarctobacterium and to a lesser extend Parvimonas. In accordance with these results, Parvimonas micra and Phascolarctobacterium have been described in several studies as more abundant in patients with CRC.26,27 Among the strains particularly enriched in CAC compared to SC, many belonged to the Proteobacteria phylum such as Morganella or Sphingomonas genus.