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Infection-driven periodontal disease
Published in Phillip D. Smith, Richard S. Blumberg, Thomas T. MacDonald, Principles of Mucosal Immunology, 2020
Thomas E. Van Dyke, Mike Curtis
Periodontitis is a complex of multiple diseases that share common clinical manifestations. Within the plaque-induced periodontitis category, there is a chronic, slowly progressing form of disease that usually affects adults, termed chronic periodontitis; a rapidly progressive form that usually has early onset and exhibits an unusual distribution of affected teeth termed aggressive periodontitis; and necrotizing disease with marginal destruction of soft tissues. These are considered distinct clinical entities, but it remains unclear whether they differ in etiology and pathogenesis.
Eosinophil Granule Proteins in Cutaneous Disease
Published in Gerald J. Gleich, A. Barry Kay, Eosinophils in Allergy and Inflammation, 2019
All three patients developed persistent and recurrent pruritic and purpuric papular skin lesions and angioedema of periorbital areas, hands, and feet. Annular erythematous edematous lesions, urticarial plaques, and vesicular lesions occasionally developed. Chronic periodontitis developed in two of the patients without known cause (67). Lesions responded promptly to glucocorticoid therapy but recurred and followed a chronic course. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was variably present (up to 6000/mm3), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated. No systemic symptoms accompanied the disease, and the patients have been maintained on “burst” and alternate-day glucocorticoid therapy. Follow-up has been for extended times of 24, 18, and 3 years in these patients (67).
Periodontal Diseases
Published in Lars Granath, William D. McHugh, Systematized Prevention of Oral Disease: Theory and Practice, 2019
William D. McHugh, Lars Matsson, Sigmund S. Socransky
Gingivitis and chronic periodontitis are inflammatory diseases, which are thought to be initiated by the influx of antigenic and nonantigenic material from plaque microorganisms. The initial reaction occurs in the marginal gingivae lateral to the sulcus wall and involves an increase in blood flow and in vascular permeability which result in an inflammatory exudate, possibly caused by the release of histamine from mast cells. Cellular responses then become apparent. Neutrophil leukocytes are thought to be the first involved and there is compelling evidence that they are protective in action since, when they are depressed in number as in cyclic neutropenia or in function as in localized juvenile periodontitis, periodontal destruction is more severe.25 It has also been found that certain periodontopathic organisms produce inhibitors of neutrophil chemotaxis and this inhibition of neutrophil function may help to explain how these organisms cause periodontal destruction.
Evaluation of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzyme levels in women patients with chronic periodontitis
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2022
Amir Reza Ahmadinia, Mina Pakkhesal, Mohammad Ali Vakili
Chronic periodontitis is an infection-driven inflammatory disease which may lead to formation of periodontal pockets and ultimately tooth loss by progressive destruction of dental supporting tissues. The main cause of periodontitis is microbial plaque, but environmental factors, social, economic conditions and genetic predisposition affect its development (Damgaard et al., 2015; Han et al., 2016; Nizam et al., 2014; Tamaki et al., 2011). Moreover, Periodontitis have an association with a variety of chronic diseases such as diabetes, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis and conditions affecting general health. It has been stated that chronic periodontitis is effective in the progression of liver diseases, especially nonalcoholic fatty liver (Furuta et al., 2010; Han et al., 2016).
Adjunctive probiotics after periodontal debridement versus placebo: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2022
Ethan Ng, John Rong Hao Tay, Seyed Ehsan Saffari, Lum Peng Lim, Kong Mun Chung, Marianne Meng Ann Ong
All 10 included studies were double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Most were conducted in a University setting. The general characteristics of included studies are summarized in Supplementary material S3. Four studies were performed in Turkey, two in Chile, two in Brazil, one in India, and one in Hong Kong. All studies featured systemically healthy adult subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Two studies included a small number of smokers; however, these were evenly distributed between test and control groups [54,55]. The mean age of participants ranged from 42 to 57 years of age, although one study did not report this detail [56]. The evaluation period of studies ranged from 3–12 months. Included patients received standard non-surgical periodontal therapy and oral hygiene instructions, and either probiotic or placebo. One study supplemented their non-surgical debridement with xylitol [57], one included subgingival delivery of probiotics [58], and two employed a full mouth disinfection protocol [51,59,60]. The probiotic administration protocol of included studies is summarized in Supplementary material S4. All the studies started probiotic therapy immediately after root surface debridement was completed except for two studies, which started at the onset of periodontal therapy [42,61].
Age and female gender associated with periodontal disease in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Results from self-reported questionnaires from the IORRA cohort study
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2020
Takefumi Furuya, Eisuke Inoue, Eiichi Tanaka, Shigeru Maeda, Katsnori Ikari, Atsuo Taniguchi, Hisashi Yamanaka
Diagnosis of chronic periodontitis is primarily based on an array of clinical measurements that include clinical gingival attachment level to teeth, bleeding on probing of periodontal pockets, depth of periodontal pockets, and radiographic findings [24]. In daily life, the most useful screening method for susceptibility to periodontal disease is detection of gingivitis; self-detection can be based on bleeding from the gingiva upon toothbrushing [25]. Therefore, we asked patients about their experience with gingival bleeding, as gingivitis is a symptom of periodontal disease. In the 33rd IORRA survey conducted in October to November 2016, patients were invited to complete three questionnaires that included the following questions: (1) Did you have gingival bleeding during toothbrushing in the 6 months from April 2016 to September 2016? (2a) Have you been diagnosed with periodontitis by a dentist during the past 6 months from April 2016 to September 2016? (2b) If yes, did you have a tooth extracted as a result of having periodontitis? (3a) Were you diagnosed with periodontitis by a dentist before April 2016? (3b) If yes, when, and did you have a tooth extracted as a result of the periodontitis?