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Ekbom’s syndrome (delusional infestation) and body dysmorphic disorder
Published in David Enoch, Basant K. Puri, Hadrian Ball, Uncommon Psychiatric Syndromes, 2020
David Enoch, Basant K. Puri, Hadrian Ball
A significant subgroup of patients complain of halitosis and are often referred to dentists or ENT specialists. A small percentage of these cases appear to have an olfactory hallucination, for they are able to describe the odour in detail. This has been described as “hallucinatory halitosis” and an “olfactory reference syndrome” (Iwu and Akpata, 1990). Iwu and Akpata (1990) reviewed 32 cases of delusional halitosis, none of whom had a prior history of psychiatric care or drug abuse, and all but one had continued with their occupations.
Oral
Published in A. Sahib El-Radhi, Paediatric Symptom and Sign Sorter, 2019
Halitosis (malodour) is the third most frequent reason for attending dental care centres, after tooth decay and gum disease. It is defined as an exhaled air containing more than 75 parts per billion of odour-producing volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs), which are generated by anaerobic bacteria located principally on the back of the tongue. Halitosis is a symptom caused by various conditions including poor oral hygiene, dry mouth, dental diseases (particularly periodontal disease) and gastrointestinal and pulmonary problems. The oral cavity (particularly on the dorsum of the tongue and in areas between teeth) is the most common source of halitosis and is responsible in about 85% of cases. Conditions that predispose to halitosis include decrease in the flow of saliva, a high amount of protein in the diet, a reduced amount of carbohydrates, dental and gum diseases and prolonged intake of antibiotics.
Management of Hypopharyngeal Cancer
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Prathamesh S. Pai, Deepa Nair, Sarbani Ghosh Laskar, Kumar Prabhash
A careful and detailed history taking and examination of the patients with suspected hypopharyngeal cancers must be done in the clinic. Most of these patients tend to be elderly males except those with post-cricoid tumours, which is seen predominantly amongst females. A history of tobacco and alcohol consumption must be elicited and recorded with respect to quantity and duration. Counselling services must be offered for tobacco and alcohol cessation, if the patient is continuing with the habit. Patients with advanced disease may look unwell, with significant weight loss. Halitosis may be present. The patients may appear to attempt swallowing with discomfort frequently and a noticeable lump may be present in the neck on inspection. Hoarseness of the voice and history of aspiration must be recorded in every case. In advanced disease, there can be airway compromise with stridor on presentation.
Toothbrushes may convey bacteria to the cystic fibrosis lower airways
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Rebeca Passarelli Mantovani, Angela Sandri, Marzia Boaretti, Alessandra Grilli, Sonia Volpi, Paola Melotti, Gloria Burlacchini, Maria M. Lleò, Caterina Signoretto
The toothbrush is the main tool to keep the oral cavity and teeth clean in order to prevent dental problems such as caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, halitosis and aggravations of systemic diseases related to the oral cavity [26]. However, when bacteria survive on the toothbrush’s bristles, they may re-inoculate the oral cavity of the original host [16], thus increasing the risk of infectious diseases [27]. The toothbrush can be contaminated with microorganisms coming from both the oral cavity and the environment in which it is stored. The wet environment of the bathroom, as well as aerosols from toilet drains and contaminated hands, can contribute to the colonization of the toothbrush. In addition, most families store the toothbrushes in common containers leading to the possibility of cross-infection [26].
A new halitosis screening tool: halitosis finding score derivation and validation
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2022
Berk Gurpinar, Tolgar Lutfi Kumral, Huseyin Sari, Belgin Tutar, Yavuz Uyar
Halitosis, also known as bad breath, is an unpleasant condition that causes social restraint [1]. Epidemiologic studies revealed that halitosis affects around 10–30% of the population. In Turkey, the prevalence of halitosis is reported to be 14.5% of the general population [2]. The aetiology of halitosis is classified into real halitosis and pseudo halitosis (a misperception). Of the causes of real halitosis, oral pathologies make up 87% that 51% of cases originate from the tongue, 17% originate from gingivitis, 15% originate from periodontitis and 17% originate from a combination of these causes [3,4].
Pilot study on selective antimicrobial effect of a halitosis mouthrinse: monospecies and saliva-derived microbiome in an in vitro model system
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2021
Márcia Botelho Dinis, Melissa Agnello, Xuesong He, Wenyuan Shi, Nini Chaichanasakul Tran
Halitosis refers to malodor emanating from the oral cavity [1]. Estimated to affect more than 25% of the population, severe halitosis can be debilitating, resulting in decreased social interactions and overall quality of life [2–4]. Although extra-oral and systemic causes exist, 90% of people suffering from this affliction have halitosis originating in the oral cavity [5]. In addition, oral pathologies such as periodontitis, xerostomia, or mucosal lesions have been associated with malodor [6,7].