China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Commensal Flora
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Patients with Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal carcinoma have a shift towards Gram-negative anaerobes in oesophageal flora. Colorectal cancer is associated with infections with Streptococcus bovis, causing bloodstream infection and endocarditis. Clostridium septicum can cause bloodstream infection or gas gangrene in patients with colorectal cancer, haematological malignancy, immunosuppression or diabetes mellitus.
The vermiform appendix
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
Typhlitis or leukaemic ileocaecal syndrome is a rare but potentially fatal enterocolitis occurring in immunosuppressed patients. Gram-negative or clostridial (especially Clostridium septicum) septicaemia can be rapidly progressive. Treatment is with appropriate antibiotics and haematopoietic factors. Surgical intervention is rarely indicated.
Clindamycin and Lincomycin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Although Clostridium difficile susceptibility to clindamycin ranges from 10% to as high as 90% in various studies, this organism is basically considered resistant to clindamycin (Levett, 1988; Buchler et al., 2014). During outbreaks of diarrhea linked with C. difficile, the isolates are typically clindamycin-resistant. Clostridium tetani and Clostridium perfringens are susceptible, as is Clostridium septicum (Gabay et al., 1981; Marchand-Austin et al., 2014). But some strains of C. perfringens as well as Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium tertium, Clostridium bifermentans, Clostridium novyi, Clostridium ramosum, and Clostridium sordelli may be clindamycin-resistant (Dornbusch, 1977; Staneck and Washington, 1974; Sutter and Finegold, 1976; Wilkins and Thiel, 1973). Other anaerobic Gram-positive organisms, such as Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium, and Lactobacillus species, are typically susceptible (Denys et al., 1983; Sutter and Finegold, 1976). Peptostreptococcus spp. strains resistant to clindamycin have been reported (Reig et al., 1992). Bayer et al. (1978) reported that although 39 of 40 isolates of Lactobacillus spp. were inhibited by 5 mg of clindamycin or less per liter, these concentrations were bactericidal for less than 20% of the isolates tested. Mayrhofer et al. (2010) reported a wide range of clindamycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (concentrations generally ranged from ≤ 0.12 to 8 mg/l) against the Lactobacillus spp. with no clear observed pattern. Debate surrounding the clinical significance of Lactobacillus is ongoing (Cannon et al., 2005). Clindamycin is usually active against most isolates of Actinomycesisraelii or Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium spp. (Brook and Frazier, 1993; Holmberg et al., 1977; Sutter and Finegold, 1976).
Typhlitis as a complication of influenza in a patient with advanced HIV infection
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2018
Bernardino Roca, Pilar Fernandez, Manuel Roca
The diagnosis of typhlitis relies on clinical features such as fever and abdominal pain as well as image studies’ findings such as thickening of a segment of the bowel wall. Treatment consists of antimicrobial therapy that covers the most frequently involved pathogens, such as Clostridium septicum, and gram-negative bacilli [1]. Other important measures include bowel rest, intravenous perfusions, and the use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor if neutropenia exists. Surgery is indicated only in selected situations [2]. In our case, we initially considered other possible diagnosis, such as cholecystitis, a variety of intestinal infections, acute appendicitis, and visceral leishmaniosis, but performed studies ruled out those conditions. We also considered drugs as a possible cause of patient’s complaints, but she wasn’t taking any medications when her symptoms appeared.
“Driver-passenger” bacteria and their metabolites in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Marion Avril, R. William DePaolo
Normally found in the gastrointestinal tract, Clostridium septicum is a gram-positive spore-forming anaerobic bacillus, that can translocate to the blood triggering bacteremia and gas gangrene, causing up to a 79% mortality rate within 48 hours.52 In Addition, 71–85% of patients with C. septicum gas gangrene have an underlying malignancy which is most often found in the colon. Even though C. septicum does not appear to initiate carcinogenesis, it creates an acidic tumor microenvironment that favors a hypoxic milieu in order to promote spore germination and growth as well as the growth of other pathogens. Its growth in the gut mucosa, is also associated with mucosal ulceration and CRC pathogenesis due to the secretion of its alpha toxin.
Growth rate alterations of human colorectal cancer cells by 157 gut bacteria
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Rahwa Taddese, Daniel R. Garza, Lilian N. Ruiter, Marien I. de Jonge, Clara Belzer, Steven Aalvink, Iris D. Nagtegaal, Bas E. Dutilh, Annemarie Boleij
The growth-inhibiting properties of Clostridiaceae secretomes may result from toxins encoded by this family. We observed that Clostridioides difficile (Prévot 1938) Lawson et al. 2016 and Clostridium septicum (Mace 1889) Ford 1927 secreting the virulence factors TcdA and TcdB, and lethal alpha toxin, respectively, significantly inhibited cell growth compared to the other Clostridiales secretomes. Clostridium septicum has been associated with CRC in the past.14,15