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Fever in the ICU
Published in Stephen M. Cohn, Alan Lisbon, Stephen Heard, 50 Landmark Papers, 2021
Juan M. Perez Velazquez, Sandeep Jubbal
The hypothalamus functions as the body temperature regulatory center. Fever results from the activity of endogenous pyrogens that intensifies prostaglandin E2 production in the preoptic region of the hypothalamus [2]. Individual differences in normal body temperature vary depending on several factors, including demographics, comorbid conditions, and physiology [3]. Although arbitrary, a body temperature of 38.3°C (101°F) or higher has been the generally accepted definition of fever. A lower temperature of 38°C (100.4°F) is considered a fever in the immunocompromised or neutropenic patient, as they may have a blunted inflammatory response preventing body temperature elevation [4].
Infectious disease
Published in Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan, Essential Notes for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2021
Kaji Sritharan, Jonathan Rohrer, Alexandra C Rankin, Sachi Sivananthan
Most patients who present with a fever lasting for >1–2 weeks will usually have received a diagnosis for their illness. However, rarely it remains unexplained and is known as a fever or pyrexia of unknown origin (FUO or PUO). PUO can be grouped according to cause: infection (e.g. endocarditis, osteomyelitis, TB, HIV)inflammation (e.g. autoimmune disorders such as SLE, vasculitis)malignancy (particularly haematological malignancies)drug-induced (e.g. antibiotics)factitious (rare). A detailed history is important (including travel, occupational, pets or other animal contact, hobbies). Examination also has to be detailed. Investigations are guided by the history and the examination but include serological blood tests, imaging and echocardiography.
Clinical profile in adult typhoid fever in patients at hospital X, East Jakarta, Indonesia, January–March 2018
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
Fever is stated when the body temperature is above the normal value (> 36.7ºC). Fever is usually the main complaint for people with typhoid fever. At first the fever is not too high, but at the second week the fever’s intensity grows higher. Usually in the morning the fever feels lower than in the afternoon or evening because the body’s metabolism decreases in the afternoon. Note that the typical type of fever in typhoid fever is not always there. This can be caused by treatment interventions or complications that occur earlier than the disease (RI Minister of Health 2006).
Current status of 4-aminoquinoline resistance markers 18 years after cessation of chloroquine use for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the littoral coastline region of Cameroon
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2022
Marcel Nyuylam Moyeh, Sandra Noukimi Fankem, Innocent Mbulli Ali, Denis Sofeu, Sorelle Mekachie Sandie, Dieudonne Lemuh Njimoh, Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu, Helen Kuokuo Kimbi, Wilfred Fon Mbacham
A total of 456 participants were screened in both towns for the presence of the malaria parasite by light microscopy. Samples/data was collected from only 240 participants (52.6%) that were shown to be parasite positive by microscopy. Of the 240 participants retained for the study, 58.8% (141/240) were females while 41.2% (99/240) were males. The proportion of females was significantly higher when compared to that of males (P = 0.0002). The participants’ ages ranged from 1–70 years with a mean age of 25.6 ± 18.9. Fever defined as temperature above or equal to 37.5°C was observed in 43.3% (104/240) of participants, and the temperature ranged from 36.0°C to 40.0°C [Median: 37.8°C, (25th percentile: 37°C; 75th percentile: 38°C)]. Asexual parasitemia detected by light microscopy ranged from 40 to 156,000 parasites/µl of blood.
Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CRMO): A Study of 12 Cases from One Institution and Literature Review
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Eric Chang, Jasmine Vickery, Nadeen Zaiat, Eman Sallam, Abdul Hanan, Scott Baker, Mohamed Alhamar, Janet Poulik, Ereny Demian, Bahig M Shehata
The chief complaint of CRMO is continuous bone pain which occurs more often at night [4]. The sterile bone inflammation may be preceded by point tenderness, redness, swelling, and warmth over or close to the affected bones [4]. Limping and limitation of movements are also reported in CRMO [4]. CRMO most frequently involves the epiphysis and metaphysis of long bones (femur, tibia, and fibula), shoulder girdle/clavicle, thoracic wall, vertebral column, pelvic bones, and the mandible [1]. Unifocal clavicular and long bone involvement are common in children while upper chest wall (sternum) and vertebral bodies are more commonly seen in affected adults [8]. CRMO has been reported to coexist with spondyloarthritis (SPA) in which case they affect the pelvic bones causing sacroiliitis [1]. Patients may also have inflammatory arthritis (typically only seen in joints in close association with affected bone) and/or skin manifestations (acne, Palmo-Plantar Pustulosis (PPP), and psoriasis); however, this is much less common compared to SAPHO. Other symptoms include fever, weakness, and weight loss. Interestingly, an association with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) has also been described [6].
Elderly Hospitalized for COVID-19 and Fever: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2022
Noel Roig-Marín, Pablo Roig-Rico
Fever is a protective response against infection. For this reason, it is reported in multiple recently published case reports (Becerra-Lemus, Rincón-Herrera, Restrepo-Vanegas, & Vargas-Rodríguez, 2020; Briceño-Iragorry, 2020; Carrillo-Esper, Jacinto-Flores, Melgar-Bieberach, Tapia-Salazar, & Campa-Mendoza, 2021; Collado-Chagoya, Hernández-Romero, Cruz-Pantoja, & Velasco-Medina et al., 2021; Del Carpio-Orantes, González-Segovia, Mojica-Ríos, & Suárez-Mandujano, 2020; García-Regalado, Brugada-Molina, Montalvo-Aguilar, & MartínezPantoja AC, 2020; García-Villarreal & Palacios-Mendoza, 2021; Ibarra-Morales, Pérez-Leal, & Jiménez-Mendoza, 2020; Maradiaga-Montoya, Izaguirre, & Sánchez, 2021; Márquez-Quiroz, Flores-Barrientos, & Gónzales-Romo, 2020; Martínez-Hernández, López-Enríquez, Piedras-Hernández, Salinas-Herrera, & Galván-Salazar, 2021; Ordonez-Espinosa, Gallardo-Hernan- dez, Hernandez-Perez, & Revilla- Monsalve, 2020; Ovilla-Martínez, De la Peña-Celaya, Báez-Islas, & Del Bosque-Patoni, 2020; Pérez-López & Moreno-Madrigal, 2021; Ramírez-Gil & Montiel-López, 2020; Roig-Marín, Roig-Rico, Banon-Escandel, & Segui-Ripoll et al., 2021; Roig-Marín, Roig-Rico, Delgado-Sanchez, & Segui-Ripoll, 2021) in which patients had a febrile syndrome as a defense mechanism against the infectious process, such as that produced by SARS-CoV-2.