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Preterm Birth Prevention In Asymptomatic Women
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Ureaplasma urealyticum and/or Mycoplasma hominis colonization of the cervicovaginal tract is common in pregnancy and has been associated with a possible increased risk of PTB. There is insufficient evidence to show whether giving antibiotics to women with Ureaplasma in the vagina prevents PTB. The only trial did not report data on PTB [198]. Compared to placebo, erythromycin is associated with a nonsignificant 30% decrease in the incidence of LBW <2500 g (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.46–1.07). Although some studies appeared to meet the inclusion criteria for this review, in most studies Ureaplasma was not an essential entry criterion or studies reported just a post hoc subgroup analysis of Ureaplasma.
Postpartum infections
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Abdominal wound infections occur in 1.6% to 10% of women delivered by cesarean section (4,63,64). Antibiotic prophylaxis has been shown to reduce the rate of wound infection after both nonelective (RR 0.36) and elective (RR 0.73) cases (25). Extended spectrum prophylaxis with doxycycline and/or azithromycin (covering for Ureaplasma) reduces the risk even further (38,40). Other basic measures, such as preoperative showering with chlorhexidine, clipping hair rather than shaving the area for incision, and preparation of the skin with an alcohol-based agent, are also advocated (65). Risk factors identified by prospective surveillance include skin closure with staples rather than subcuticular suture and maternal obesity (66), particularly in women with subcutaneous tissue thickness greater than 3 cm (67). One randomized trial showed a reduction in wound infections using the Joel-Cohen rather than Pfannenstiel incision (68). No effect on rate of infection has been demonstrated with prophylactic subcutaneous drainage (69).
Urolithiasis
Published in Manit Arya, Taimur T. Shah, Jas S. Kalsi, Herman S. Fernando, Iqbal S. Shergill, Asif Muneer, Hashim U. Ahmed, MCQs for the FRCS(Urol) and Postgraduate Urology Examinations, 2020
Thomas Johnston, James Armitage, Oliver Wiseman
Urease is an enzyme that is produced by many Gram-negative, Gram-positive and Mycoplasma bacteria. Proteus species, Klebsiella species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are examples of Gram-negative urease producing bacteria. However, Escherichia coli and Enterococci do not usually produce urease. Helicobacter pylori is present in the upper gastrointestinal tracts of more than 50% of the population and while associated with peptic ulcer disease is of no recognised importance with respect to the urinary tract. Ureaplasma urealyticum is a mycoplasma bacterium of low pathogenicity that comprises part of the normal genital flora of many men and women. Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis can produce urease.
Predominance of cervicitis agents with minimal testing rate within the student population in Benin city, Nigeria
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2019
Chinyere Charity Ezeanya, Nneka Regina Agbakoba, Ifeoma Bessie Enweani, Charlotte Oguejiofor
Chlamydiatrachomatis was the third most common cervicitis agent (9.7%). The proportion of female students infected by this pathogen was similar to another study that showed 9.7% examining the urine of 789 female students collectively from 10 colleges in Alabama, Mississippi and Georgia (Adelbert et al. 2008). Our result, however, is comparable to other reports in the student population within and outside Nigeria with C.trachomatis prevalence ranging from 4.9–29.4% (Imai et al. 2010; Ikene et al. 2011; Wariso et al. 2012; Arinze et al. 2014; Burazin et al. 2017). The documented prevalence of C.trachomatis infection differs substantially subject to the methodologies for detection, thus resulting to diverse prevalence even in similar study population. Practices employed in detection range from antibodies and/or antigen detection to NAAT. This bacterium can be located in any part of the female reproductive tract including the cervix and fallopian tubes. C. trachomatis infections of female reproductive tract may cause severe complications that can progress to pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal fertility (Carey and Beagly 2010). Furthermore, other cervicitis agents were detected in low prevalence: U.urealyticum (6.45%) and M. genitalium (0%). From our findings, genital Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma species was detected only in co-existence with other genital pathogens among the subjects. This suggests that they could be co-factors associated with genital infections.
The Zonulin-transgenic mouse displays behavioral alterations ameliorated via depletion of the gut microbiota
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2022
Alba Miranda-Ribera, Gloria Serena, Jundi Liu, Alessio Fasano, Marcy A. Kingsbury, Maria R. Fiorentino
Abx treatment drastically reduced Bacteroidota in both WT and Ztm mice against an expansion of Firmicutes that we observed in all Abx-treated groups except for AbxWT males that showed a growth of Alphaproteobacteria and Cyanobacteria, instead. While Ureaplasma spp. are commensals isolated from the human male and female urogenital tracts170 and have been associated with urethritis, cervicitis or bacterial vaginosis, fetal chorioamnionitis and adverse pregnancy outcome,171–174 not much is known about the Erwiniaceae family and we cannot associate either of these species with a pathogenic role in mice.
Torsade de pointe due to QT prolongation following erythromycin administration in a preterm infant
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2022
Caroline Fobe, Benedicte Van Grambezen, Stéphane Moniotte, Christophe Vo, Anneliese Dussart, Olivier Danhaive, Fiammetta Piersigilli
Ureaplasma spp is a commensal vaginal bacteria, found in 40–80% of healthy reproductive-age women [8] and is rarely pathogenic. However, Ureaplasma can be associated with chorioamnionitis and preterm labour [9], but this organism is not covered by the current recommended empiric antibiotics guidelines [10].