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What Milk and Dairy Products Can Do for the Human Body
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Yoghurt has religious importance as a holy food product and is utilised in many spiritual festivals and ceremonies among Buddhists and Hindus. Traditional yoghurt is manufactured by cooling buffalo or cow milk to room temperature, subsequently adding artisanal cultures (acquired by the black slopping method) which are permitted to develop and multiply overnight or within two to four days gradually, depending on the season, till the adjusted product is established. Commercially, yoghurt is synthesised by fermentation of boiled or pasteurised cow or buffalo milk, utilising both moderate temperature (mesophilic) and heat-loving (thermophilic) determined starters in different blends. The frequently established LAB cultures in preparation of yoghurt are strains of Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis biovar diacetylactis and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (Mallappa et al., 2021). Moreover, many authors have investigated the microbial variation of yoghurt utilising culture-reliant methods (Koirala et al., 2014; Soomro & Masud, 2007) (Table 23.1).
The Treatment of Hypertension with Nutrition, Nutritional Supplements, Lifestyle and Pharmacologic Therapies
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Whey protein, milk peptides, fermented milk and casein significantly lower BP in humans [2,6,89–94,103,109–114]. Administration of 20 g/day of hydrolyzed whey protein lowered BP within 6 weeks by 8.0/5.5 mmHg [90]. Milk peptides are rich in ACEI peptides, which lower BP by approximately 4.8/2.2 mmHg with doses of 5–60 mg/day [2,6,89–94,103]. Powdered fermented milk containing Lactobacillus helveticus and active ACEI peptides, dosed at 12 g daily significantly reduced BP by 11.2/6.5 mmHg in 1 month [91]. Administration of 20 g of hydrolyzed whey protein to hypertensive subjects lowered BP by 11/7 mmHg compared to controls within 1 week [94]. The WHEY2Go trial [109] was a double-blinded, randomized, three-way-crossover, controlled intervention study of 42 participants who were randomly assigned to consume 56 g of whey protein, 56 g of calcium caseinate or 54 g of maltodextrin (control)/day for 8 weeks separated by a 4-week washout.
Probiotics in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Published in Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Raquel Bedani, Lactic Acid Bacteria, 2020
Larissa S Celiberto, Bruce A Vallance, Daniela CU Cavallini
Similar to IBD, the use of probiotics to treat and/or prevent IBS remains controversial. The mechanisms of action of probiotics in IBS seem to involve effects on epithelial barrier function as well as visceral hyperalgesia and motility (Gareau et al. 2010). Animal models of early life stress, acute psychological stress, and intestinal hypersensitivity are often used to study typical symptoms of IBS such as microbial dysbiosis, abdominal pain, and altered visceral perception (Söderholm et al. 2002). Oral administration of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 combined with Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 was shown to prevent bacterial translocation and improved intestinal epithelial barrier function in rats subjected to chronic psychological stress (Zareie et al. 2006). However, no mechanistic basis for this protection was determined in the study. Another study conducted in a mouse model of chronic colonic hypersensitivity demonstrated that treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus NCMF positively modulated the composition of the gut microbiota. The probiotic was able to induce opioid and cannabinoid receptor expression by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), thus restoring normal perceptions of visceral pain (Rousseaux et al. 2007). Furthermore, the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 was shown to attenuate GI neuromuscular anomalies in mice suffering from gut dysfunction typically observed in patients suffering from IBS (Brun et al. 2017).
High throughput genome scale modeling predicts microbial vitamin requirements contribute to gut microbiome community structure
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Juan P. Molina Ortiz, Mark Norman Read, Dale David McClure, Andrew Holmes, Fariba Dehghani, Erin Rose Shanahan
Universally defined media (UDM) was designed by generating anaerobic minimal media for every strain in AGORA. The minimal_medium method in the cobra.py library was employed to generate media with the basic set of nutrients required for each strain to achieve a growth rate of 0.8 h¯1 (value suggested in the minimal_medium documentation), a proxy for optimal growth rate. A determined set of nutrients for strain Lactobacillus helveticus DPC 4571 could not be generated which led to the exclusion of this strain from further analyses. The resulting set of nutrients for each strain was broken into its constituents and these were compiled into anaerobic UDM (Figure 5). Nutrients were categorized into 11 groups: simple sugars, amino acids, dipeptides, fatty acids, bile acids, cations, anions, metals, main vitamins (those explored in this study), secondary vitamins and other. A detailed list of the components in our UDM can be found in Additional file 8. The resulting anaerobic UDM was used as a base for our growth experiments. An initial growth test using UDM was performed where we confirmed that every strain was capable of growing in it.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 Treatment Enhanced Efficacy of Capecitabine against Colon Cancer in Male Balb/c Mice
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Milad Rahimpour, Ghorbangol Ashabi, Ahmad Mustafa Rahimi, Shahnaz Halimi, Mahshid Panahi, Mahdi Alemrajabi, Fatemeh Nabavizadeh
Additionally, the serum level of IL-6 was decreased due to Lr and chemotherapy. A previous study revealed that Lactobacillus helveticus extracted from Kefir could decrease IL-6 one of the most important cytokines involved in tumor growth (30). Another research reported that the IL-6-stat3 pathway is a potential underlying mechanism through which IL-17 stimulates tumor growth (31). In our study, IL-6 was decreased in Lr treated mice, which might relate to the small tumor volume in the cancer + P+C group. Also, there was a complex connection between IL-6 and Bcl-2. It is presumed that Bcl-2 is modulated by IL-6 (10), which could be another mechanism through which tumor growth is prevented. As a result, it is inferred that IL-6 was involved in tumor growth delay (16, 17), and the declined serum IL-6 level was presumably involved in the slower tumor growth in the cancer + C, cancer + P, and cancer + P+C groups.
Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Properties of Partially purified Exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus Casei Isolated from Chinese Northeast Sauerkraut
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
Xiaoqing Xu, Yu Qiao, Qing Peng, Bo Shi, Vermont P. Dia
The aim of many researches is to introduce various new polysaccharides as bioactive molecules. Kim et al. (2013) indicated that polysaccharide isolated from Angelica dahurica could activate dendritic cells and increased the expressions of CD86 and MHC-II molecules, promoting the production of IL-12, IL-1β, and TNF-α. As previously reported, EPS produced by some strains of LAB present immunomodulatory properties (Hidalgo-Cantabrana et al. 2012). For example, Li et al. (2014) demonstrated EPS isolated from Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM showed immunoregulatory activity in Caco-2 cells by triggering NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Recently, EPS from Lactococcus lactis Z-2 isolated from healthy common carp was first evaluated in vitro and in vivo, showing the EPS could modulate the immune responses by up-regulating the NO production and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) (Feng et al. 2020). EPS from Lactobacillus plantarum JLAU103 (Wang et al. 2020) and Lactobacillus helveticus LZ-R-5 (You et al. 2020) were also reported to have immunostimulatory activity by enhancing the phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 macrophages and increasing the NO and cytokine production. However, more studies of new EPS-producing LAB are needed to establish the role of EPS in immune regulation.