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Diarrhea (Acute)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Probiotic products for bacterial replacement are helpful because lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus) help prevent diarrhea caused by antibiotics in adults and children. Lactobacillus reduced the chance of diarrhea by about 60% to 70% when started within two days of beginning antibiotic treatment and continued for at least three days after finishing the antibiotics.14 Also for Clostridiumdilicile-associated diarrhea, probiotics containing Sac. boulardii are an effective adjunctive treatment.15
The Role of the Microbiota and the Application of Probiotics in Reducing the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases
Published in Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Raquel Bedani, Lactic Acid Bacteria, 2020
Raquel Bedani, Susana Marta Isay Saad
Studies in vitro and in vivo have suggested that several lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, particularly Lactobacillus spp., have cholesterol-lowering effects (Ooi and Liong 2010, Choi and Chang 2015, Ishimwe et al. 2015). In this line, Choi and Chang (2015) showed that L. plantarum EM, isolated from kimchi, presented high cholesterol removal by growing, resting and dead cells. According to the authors, these results might be attributed to enzymatic assimilation including BSH activity and cell surface binding. Cholesterol bound to probiotic strains might represent lower intestinal absorption of cholesterol and reduction of serum cholesterol levels in humans (Ooi and Liong 2010). Nevertheless, other studies did not verify any significant effects regarding cholesterol decrease with probiotic consumption (de Roos et al. 1999, Simons et al. 2006, Ivey et al. 2015).
Microbiome and pregnancy complications
Published in Moshe Hod, Vincenzo Berghella, Mary E. D'Alton, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Eduard Gratacós, Vassilios Fanos, New Technologies and Perinatal Medicine, 2019
Maria Carmen Collado, Omry Koren
The female reproductive tract harbors a complex microbial environment containing up to 200 species, with Lactobacillus spp. being the dominant genus in the majority of women, followed by Prevotella, Streptococcus, Atopobium, Gardnerella, and Veillonella (3,4). Lactobacillus species have a key role in vaginal health by maintaining low pH to inhibit pathogen growth, in addition to the secretion of unique metabolites (3,5). A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the potential use of the Lactobacillus species as biomarkers of vaginal health (6). According to the prevalence and the dominance of a specific Lactobacillus species, the vaginal microbiota are grouped into five “community state types” (CSTs): L. crispatus (CSTI), L. gasseri (CSTII), L. iners (CSTIII), L. jensenii (CSTV), and a diverse group exhibiting a lower presence of Lactobacillus spp. (CSTIV) (5). The CST expressed in a given woman varies over the menstrual cycle (7). Furthermore, the prevalence of various CSTs is associated with ethnic origin; for instance, a higher abundance of CSTIV among African American and Hispanic women has been reported (8). However, the potential impact of other factors including genetics, diet, and lifestyle, as well as the relevance of the CST to health over the short and long term is still unknown (9).
Vaginal microecological changes of different degrees of cervical lesions in Hakka women in Meizhou City
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Weihong Zeng, Ye Liang, Jingqing Zhou, Haihong Lin, Lishan Huang, Danfeng He, Jizhong Wen, Boming Wu, Haochang Liu, Yaoxiang Zhong, Nanxiang Lei, Haikun Yang
To further investigate the differences in microecology among the four groups, we counted the abundance differences of colonies in the Cancer, Control, High, and Low groups at the phylum, family, class and species levels by ANOVA differences. The outcomes indicated that the abundance of Lactobacillus was gradually reduced at all four levels in cervical cancer from low-grade to high-grade lesions and to cancer. Studies have pointed out that Lactobacillus is the first line of defense against pathogens (He et al. 2012). Actually, Lactobacillus can produce many protective peptides and metabolites, such as lactic acid and other acidic compounds, to inhibit pathogen adhesion and growth. The metabolites produced by Lactobacillus can not only maintain Lactobacillus colonisation growth but also resist the adhesion and growth of other bacteria (Horn et al. 2019; Li et al. 2020). The above indicates that Lactobacillus plays a protective role in maintaining vaginal health. However, as demonstrated by LEfSe analysis, lactobacilli lost their dominant position in Cancer, High and Low groups, while levels of Corynebacterium, Bacteroides and other genera increased significantly. Nevertheless, a reduced number of Lactobacillus might lead to anaerobic overgrowth (Bacteroides, Clostridia) and enhance the development of cervical cancer lesions (Xu et al. 2021).
Intestinal TLR4 deletion exacerbates acute pancreatitis through gut microbiota dysbiosis and Paneth cells deficiency
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Mei Qi-Xiang, Fu Yang, Huang Ze-Hua, Yin Nuo-Ming, Wang Rui-Long, Xu Bin-Qiang, Fan Jun-Jie, Huang Chun-Lan, Zeng Yue
Aberrant TLR activation might contribute to dysbiosis via the release of antimicrobial peptides, ROS and RNS. Given that TLR signaling in IECs induced the expression of iNOS and NADPH oxidases resulting in producing nitric oxide and ROS, the growth of facultative anaerobes was affected leading to dysbiosis.20Lactobacillus is one of the facultative anaerobes that is naturally found in a variety of hosts and environments, including the healthy human intestine.22 Compared with WT mice, the abundance of probiotic like Lactobacillus was found remarkably decreased in TLR4ΔIEC mice in our study. Lactobacillus has been widely studied and reported to be one of the beneficial probiotics with anti-inflammatory effects.23 Down-regulation of Lactobacillus has been found to be closely related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type I diabetes, colon cancer, etc.24–27 There are several studies focused on Lactobacillus and AP. Supplementation of Lactobacillus has been found to reduce pancreatic sepsis and the number of surgical interventions in AP patients.28 Although some clinical trials have raised concerns about the effectiveness of probiotics, recent studies pointed out that AP patients treated with synbiotics did not have a worse clinical outcome and had lower risk of organ failure and reduced duration of hospital stay.29,30 Spearman correlation analysis in our study suggested that absence of Lactobacillus and exacerbated AP are closely related.
Limosilactobacillus reuteri DS0384 promotes intestinal epithelial maturation via the postbiotic effect in human intestinal organoids and infant mice
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Hana Lee, Kwang Bo Jung, Ohman Kwon, Ye Seul Son, Eunho Choi, Won Dong Yu, Naeun Son, Jun Hyoung Jeon, Hana Jo, Haneol Yang, Yeong Rak Son, Chan-Seok Yun, Hyun-Soo Cho, Sang Kyu Kim, Dae-Soo Kim, Doo-Sang Park, Mi-Young Son
Previous studies aimed at characterizing the interaction between intestinal microbiota and gut epithelium typically used tumor-derived intestinal cell lines, such as Caco2, HT-29, and HCT-8 cells, which do not fully mimic the human intestine. Recently, intestinal organoids containing intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and all differentiated cell types of the intestinal epithelium have been used to investigate the effects of commensal microbiota on the gut. However, most research on the commensal microbiota, such as Lactobacillus spp., has been based on primary murine enteroids and colonoids.18 It was only recently demonstrated that Lactobacillus reuteri D8 can improve intestinal epithelial proliferation and repair tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced epithelial damage using mouse intestinal organoids derived from the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice.19 However, the effects of Lactobacillus spp., including postbiotics (microbial metabolites) and their biologically active functions, on fetal and postnatal intestinal development have not been evaluated in a physiologically relevant human in vitro model or mouse model.