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Fungi and Water
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Yeasts are also found on the surface of the skin (mostly skin between toes) and in the mouth, vagina, and intestinal tracts of humans, where they may live symbiotically or as parasites and normally cause no ill effects. However, when the host is ill or stressed, yeast will develop and cause infection (101–102).
Candida and parasitic infection: Helminths, trichomoniasis, lice, scabies, and malaria
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Vulvovaginal itching and burning are the most common symptoms of Candida vulvovaginitis (reported by 60% of women with positive yeast cultures) (11) along with external dysuria and a white, curdled vaginal discharge. One-third of females with positive vaginal Candida cultures are asymptomatic, while one-fourth of women with negative cultures have symptoms (11). The symptom spectrum of vulvovaginal candidiasis goes from acute/exudative (sudden onset, heavy discharge loaded with yeast) to progressive/inflammatory (minimal discharge, few organisms, severe itching). The pruritus may be a hypersensitivity reaction and may worsen with occlusive clothing and in the premenstrual phase of the cycle (14).
Rhodotorula spp.
Published in Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro, Pocket Guide to Mycological Diagnosis, 2019
Rejane Pereira Neves, Ana Maria Rabelo de Carvalho, Carolina Maria da Silva, Danielle Patrícia Cerqueira Macêdo, Reginaldo Gonçalves de Lima-Neto
The recovery of Rhodotorula species from a sterile site, such as blood, peritoneal fluid, or cerebrospinal fluid, is usually indicative of infection. The clinician should maintain a high degree of suspicion in such cases, especially if the patient has no suggestive symptoms of infection. Morphological and biochemical confirmation of the diagnosis should be sought, since yeast cells can usually be seen in microscopic examination (Larone, 2002).
Comparative analysis of the oral microbiome of burning mouth syndrome patients
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
Byeong-Min Lee, Ji Woon Park, Jung Hwan Jo, Bumjo Oh, Gehoon Chung
It is interesting that Streptococcus is the only genus that showed significantly increased abundance. Streptococcus is a gram-positive spherical bacterium that causes various inflammatory diseases including dental caries, endocarditis, pneumonia, and pharyngitis. However, many streptococcal species are not pathogenic and are part of the normal human microbiota of the mouth, intestine, upper respiratory tract, and skin [39]. The BMS patients in this study did not show any sign of inflammation or yeast infection in the oral cavity on oral examination, as only primary BMS patients, devoid of any apparent lesions were included in the study. This inclusion criterion was strictly followed in this study to limit the possibility of locating microbe species originating from local microbiologic infection to be abundant. Still, previous studies have investigated the role of yeast infection in inducing oral burning sensations. Candida is considered an oral commensal and can be identified in up to 65% of the oral cavity of healthy adults obscuring its role as a pathogenic organism [40]. Also, antifungal therapy does not result in consistent symptom reduction and often medication including antidepressants are more effective [41]. However, yeasts are an important player in the underlying mechanism of oral burning sensations and future studies considering data related to its phenotype and loading could provide interesting information related to the interaction between oral microbiota, which would be a valuable subject for future studies.
Bacterial-fungal metabolic interactions within the microbiota and their potential relevance in human health and disease: a short review
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Alexia Lapiere, Mathias L Richard
The vaginal microbiome hosts both bacterial and fungal organisms. Most predominant vaginal bacteria belong to Lactobacillus spp., such as L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, and L. acidophilus, which are also referred to as lactic bacteria and play a role in the health of women microbiota by preventing pathogen growth.57 Among the vaginal fungal communities, Candida spp. is the most represented and is generally considered commensal in homeostatic conditions.58 However, in dysbiotic conditions, when the vaginal microbiota is imbalanced and a significant bacterial population is decreased, bacterial-fungal homeostatic interactions can be disorganized, resulting in yeast expansion and infection. Antibiotics, poor hygiene or contraceptive use are typical factors responsible for vaginal dysbiosis and are commonly related to vulvovaginal yeast infection onset, such as candidiasis, which is mostly caused by C. albicans, but other Candida species can also be responsible, such as Candida glabrata or Candida tropicalis.59 It is assumed that lactic bacteria are involved in yeast overgrowth control; therefore, their disappearance in the vaginal microbiota is considered a triggering event leading to yeast pathogen infections.60 Then, lactic bacteria appeared to be key actors in pathogen prevention in the vaginal microbiota, and various preclinical studies have evaluated the effect of lactic bacteria delivery to restore the vaginal microbiota and to manage yeast infections.61–63
Vaginal mucositis in patients with gynaecological cancer undergoing (chemo-)radiotherapy: a retrospective analysis
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Jolien Robijns, Sandrine Censabella, Heleen Bollen, Stefan Claes, Leen Van Bever, Jindra Becker, Luc Pannekoeke, Paul Bulens, Evelyn Van de Werf
One concern based on our results is that still 27% of patients rate one or more VM symptoms with a score of 4 or higher at the end of external (C)RT. This implies that this group of patients needs more supportive care measures consisting of the use of analgesics and a stricter follow-up by the RT team. One of the frequently described VM symptoms is pruritus, as confirmed in other trials (Kirchheiner et al. 2014; Zolciak-Siwinska et al. 2015). This symptom could be aggravated since pelvic RT makes the patients more vulnerable to yeast infections due to damage to the vaginal mucosa. Vaginal yeast infections are characterised by itchiness, a burning sensation, irritation, odour, and vaginal discharge. In case of yeast infections special measures have to be taken into account such as antifungal creams, ointments or suppositories with miconazole or clotrimazole (Hainer and Gibson 2011). Pain and a burning sensation are two symptoms, which are hard to differentiate. A burning sensation during urination could also be caused by cystitis, which is a common complication of patients undergoing pelvic RT (Hainer and Gibson 2011). Moreover, the pain score could have been influenced by the general pain felt by the patient due to dermatological, gastrointestinal, skeletal, or genitourinary toxicity (Viswanathan et al. 2014).