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Diaper Rash/Diaper Dermatitis/Contact Dermatitis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Diaper rash is marked by red, irritated, or tender-looking skin in the diaper region (i.e., buttocks, thighs, and genitals). It results from contact with urine and feces that inflames the skin and breaks down outer skin layers. Another contributing factor to diaper dermatitis is Candida albicans. Diaper dermatitis can cause diffuse reddening of the skin with papules, vesicles, edema, and scaling of the involved areas as well as psoriasiform lesions, secondary erosions, and ulcerations.1
Fenugreek in Management of Immunological, Infectious, and Malignant Disorders
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
Rohini Pujari, Prasad Thakurdesai
Candidiasis is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections caused by Candida albicans. The high prevalence, substantial morbidity, and economic losses of recurrent vulvovaginal (Denning et al. 2018), invasive (Ben-Ami 2018), and cutaneous (Taudorf et al. 2019) candidiasis require better solutions and improved quality of care. The available evidence of the antifungal potential of fenugreek against C. albicans (Elnour et al. 2015; Kumari, Rao, and Gajula 2016; Varadarajan et al. 2015; Walli et al. 2015) indicated a potential solution for candidiasis.
Other Complications of Diabetes
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Diabetic patients that contract influenza are six times more likely to require hospitalization than nondiabetic patients. In recent years, about 30% of adult influenza hospitalizations reported to the CDC occurred in people with diabetes mellitus. People with diabetes are approximately three times more likely to die from influenza and pneumonia. While pneumonia is always a serious condition, diabetics with pneumonia are more likely to be sick for a longer time, require hospitalization. Diabetes also makes people more likely to develop fungal infections, with Candida albicans being most common.
The antifungal activity of caspofungin in combination with antifungals or non-antifungals against Candida species in vitro and in clinical therapy
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Shan Su, Haiying Yan, Li Min, Hongmei Wang, Xueqi Chen, Jinyi Shi, Shujuan Sun
Invasive fungal infections present major health threats, especially in the large population of immunocompromised patients and in patients with serious underlying diseases [1,2]. Candida species are the main pathogens of fungal infections in hospitalized patients, and candidaemia is one of the leading causes of bloodstream infections and causes high mortality [3,4]. Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most common species that has been isolated; however, the incidence and prevalence of infections caused by non-albicans species are also increasing in different countries and cannot be ignored [5,6]. Over the past decade, echinocandins have become first-line antifungal agents due to their broad-spectrum antifungal activity against Candida species [7,8]. Caspofungin (CSF) is the first echinocandin antifungal agent to be licensed for clinical use in the USA and has the largest number of indications certified by the Food and Drug Administration [9] among the echinocandins [10,11]. Caspofungin exhibits effective antifungal activity against most Candida species and has significant advantages. On the one hand, caspofungin has fewer infusion-related events and less nephrotoxicity than traditional amphotericin B [12] preparations or amphotericin B liposomes (L-AmB) [13]. On the other hand, caspofungin is not associated with major drug-to-drug interactions involving cytochrome 450, as are the azoles [13]. Because of its superior antifungal activity and significantly lower toxicity, caspofungin has become the first choice for treating candidaemia [11,14].
A technology evaluation of Annovera: a segesterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring used to prevent pregnancy for up to one year
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Elizabeth A. Micks, Jeffrey T. Jensen
There was no significant difference in BV (by Amsel’s criteria and Nugent score) or VVC between the baseline visits and the cycle 6 and 13 visits. Overall, 3.3% of sub-study participants were diagnosed with BV during the study, 15% were diagnosed with VVC, and 0.8% were diagnosed with trichomoniasis. On vaginal cultures, Candida albicans colonization was observed among 21% of study participants, which is similar to the reported prevalence among women of reproductive age [43]. The proportion of women colonized by H2O2 positive Lactobacillus, a marker of low vaginal pH and healthy vaginal flora, increased from 77% at baseline to 90.2% at Cycle 13, consistent with studies of the etonogestrel/EE CVR [44]. The vaginal delivery of EE is known to increase epithelial glycogen content and promote growth of H2O2 positive Lactobacillus [45].
Curcumin and curcumin-loaded nanoparticles: antipathogenic and antiparasitic activities
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2020
Mahendra Rai, Avinash P. Ingle, Raksha Pandit, Priti Paralikar, Netravati Anasane, Carolina Alves Dos Santos
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus, which can cause infection in the immunocompromised patient. Only a few clinical treatments are available to treat the infection caused by C. albicans due to the unavailability of effective antifungal agents and its resistance toward available antifungal drugs. However, in such cases, curcumin was found to be effective against C. albicans. Chen et al. [29] determined MIC of curcumin which was found to be in the range 6.25 µM and 12.5 µM against C. albicans. Curcumin not only showed antifungal potential against C. albicans, but also demonstrated antifungal activity against 200 clinical isolates of different Candida species including C. tropicalis, C. kefyr, C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. albicans with MIC value in the range of 32–128 μg/ml. Interaction of curcumin with amphotericin B exhibited synergistic activity against all Candida species [30]. The anti-candidal activity of curcumin was reported against 38 different strains of Candida including some fluconazole-resistant strains. It was found that curcumin can be used in the treatment of candidiasis. Neelofar et al. [31] tested the antifungal activity of curcumin against C. albicans and C. glabrata. Curcumin displayed antifungal activity against tested microorganisms with MIC value in the range of 250–2000 µg/ml.