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Host-Parasite Relationships
Published in Julius P. Kreier, Infection, Resistance, and Immunity, 2022
Diphtheroids are Gram-positive pleomorphic rods of low virulence. The diphtheroids resident on the skin are similar to but clearly different from Coryne- bacterium diphtheriae, the related organism that is the causative agent of diphtheria. The diphtheroid found in the largest numbers on human skin is Propionibacterium acnes, which is anaerobic and grows in the hair follicles. Its growth is enhanced by the oily secretions of the sebaceous glands. Propionibacterium acnes has been implicated as a cause of acne. Propionibacterium acnes alone does not cause acne, however. Host factors are important contributors. It is well known that acne is most common during adolescence, and thus hormonal factors may be important. Other microbes such as staphylococci, as well as diet, may also be factors in the development of acne.
Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Alasdair M. Geddes, Ian M. Gould, Jason A. Roberts, Jason A. Trubiano, M. Lindsay Grayson
Propionibacterium spp. are anaerobic Gram-positive bacilli that normally inhabit the mouth and upper respiratory tract. Occasionally they can cause brain abscess, parotid and dental infections, pulmonary infections, and peritonitis. The patients usually have a predisposing condition. These organisms are susceptible to Pen G, which in most cases is the antibiotic of choice (Brook and Frazier, 1991).
Infections of the Blood
Published in Keith Struthers, Clinical Microbiology, 2017
Gram-positive bacteria account for the majority of organisms isolated from ICED infections, with the coagulase-negative staphylococci being predominant, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Other skin commensals such as Propionibacterium can also be involved. Gram-negative bacteria such as ‘coliforms’ and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can account for up to 15% of infections.
Single procedure revision cranioplasty with intra-operative autoclave following titanium plate exposure
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2020
Joseph Moneim, Rhys D. Wenlock, Adam J. Wells, Richard D. Price, Ivan Timofeev, Adel Helmy, Peter J. Hutchinson
Twenty-six months after SSRC, now aged 70, she represented with evidence of skin breakdown over the anterior edge of the cranioplasty plate at the site of her previous graft. Her wound was revised 3 days later. Intra-operative debrided skin edges were positive on culture for Propionibacterium species. Oral Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid was subsequently administered for 7 days. She was readmitted 22 days later with wound breakdown in the same area associated with purulent discharge and growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Oral Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid was again given. She returned to theatre with evidence of purulent material beneath the skin flap, and the decision was made to remove the plate and not attempt re-implantation. She continued Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid alongside ciprofloxacin for 30 days post-operatively.
Maintenance of the aseptic working field during endodontic treatment
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
Line Rørslett Hardersen, Morten Enersen, Anne Karin Kristoffersen, Dag Ørstavik, Pia Titterud Sunde
Of the 54 samples analysed with PCR technique, six samples (11%) yielded a positive PCR product in five different patients. Three of the samples were collected immediately after disinfection (3A, 7A and 27A) and three were collected right before obturation/Ca(OH)2-dressing (3B, 6B and 19B), (Table 2). Two samples (7A and 27A) that showed positive results with PCR right after disinfection showed negative results at sample B. Four samples (6B, 7A, 19B and 27A) that showed positive PCR products, showed no growth with cultivation. Two samples (3A and B) were both positive with culturing and molecular technique. HOMD 16S rRNA sequence database identified Bacteroidales spp. Propionibacterium spp., Bacteroidetes spp., Prevotella nigrescens, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Neisseria elongata, Alloprevotella tannerae, Capnocytophaga granulosa, Cardiobacterium hominis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus mitis.
The emerging role of skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis and its clinical implication
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2019
Jean-François Stalder, Joachim W. Fluhr, Tim Foster, Martin Glatz, Ehrhardt Proksch
Corticosteroids are essential in resolving the inflammatory component of AD; given the close inter-relation between inflammation and S. aureus abundance, a number of studies have also sought to establish how corticosteroid treatment influences the skin flora. In a study that compared the colonization of S. aureus in a group of children with severe AD using desonide with a group using a placebo, desonide treatment led to significant improvements in clinical symptoms (p < .001), and reduced pruritus (p < .01), and sleep loss (p < .05). S. aureus density also decreased significantly (p < .001) (46). In addition to reduced colonization of S. aureus, corticosteroid treatment also increased the abundance of typical commensals associated with healthy skin, such as Streptococcus spp., Propionibacterium spp., and Corynebacterium spp (46).