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Bites and stings
Published in Biju Vasudevan, Rajesh Verma, Dermatological Emergencies, 2019
Common pathogens associated with bite wounds include streptococci, staphylococci, Pasteurella spp., Capnocytophaga canimorsus, and anaerobes. Breast implant infection and lung abscesses due to Pasteurella multocida have both been linked to cats, and staphylococcal endocarditis has been reported after a cat bite. Brain abscess formation has been observed following a dog bite. In immunocompromised patients, there is a significant risk of Pasteurella or Capnocytophaga sepsis. Capnocytophaga canimorsus sepsis has a high mortality rate and has been associated with purpura fulminans. Human bites have a higher likelihood of infections with Staphylococcus aureus and Eikenella corrodens.
Bacterial Infections of the Oral Cavity
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
P. S. Manoharan, Praveen Rajesh
Some common bacteria and their associations with diseases are mentioned as discussed in various studies and reports given in the literature. In 1968, Sigmund Socransky classified bacterial species into colored complexes. Bleeding-associated bacteria were named red complex. P. gingivalis, T. forsythiam, and T. denticola are the bacteria in this group, and they are also associated in deep periodontal pockets (Haffajee et al., 2006). The second is the orange complex which constitutes F. nucelatum, P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, P. micros, S. constellatus, E. nodatum, C. showae, C. gracilus, and C. rectus. P. intermedia along with P. gingivalis was found to occur in deep pockets. The third yellow complex include bacteria such as S. sanguis, S. oralis, S. mitis, S. gordonii, and S. intermedius. Capnocytophaga spp., Eikkenella corrodens, Campylobacter concisus. and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans [serotype a] form the fourth green complex. Veillonella parvula and Actinomyces odontolyticus form the fifth purple complex.
Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Alasdair M. Geddes, Ian M. Gould, Jason A. Roberts, Jason A. Trubiano, M. Lindsay Grayson
Capnocytophaga spp. including C. canimorsus (formerly DF-2), a Gram-negative rod that has been associated with severe septicemia following dog bites, particularly in patients who have undergone prior splenectomy, are usually Pen G sensitive but can produce beta-lactamase (Butler et al., 1977; Kalb et al., 1985; Westerink et al., 1987).
Oral prosthetic microbiology: aspects related to the oral microbiome, surface properties, and strategies for controlling biofilms
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Douglas Roberto Monteiro, Victor Eduardo de Souza Batista, Anne Caroline Morais Caldeirão, Rogério de Castilho Jacinto, Juliano Pelim Pessan
In cases of peri-implant diseases, increased levels of Actinomyces spp., Prevotella nigrescens, P. gingivalis, N. mucosa, Fusobacterium spp. and Capnocytophaga ochracea are detected in mucositis patients. On the other hand, increased levels of Actinomyces spp., Fusobacterium spp., P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus sanguinis, T. forsytha, T. denticola, F. nucleatum, and V. parvula were found in peri-implantitis patients (Máximo et al.2009; Costa et al.2019). Taxonomic characterization by next-generation sequencing has shown differences in the microbiome of patients rehabilitated with dental implants, both under healthy or diseased conditions, as recently revised by Belibasakis and Manoil (2021).
Capnocytophaga canimorsus – a potent pathogen in immunocompetent humans – systematic review and retrospective observational study of case reports
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2020
Naomi Mader, Fabian Lührs, Martin Langenbeck, Stefan Herget-Rosenthal
Capnocytophaga canimorsus (C. canimorsus) is a Gram-negative rod and facultative anaerobic bacterium that inhabits the oral cavity of some mammals. It was first described in 1976 and 1977 [1,2]. C. canimorsus infection is most frequently transmitted by dog bites and cat scratches. C. canimorsus is highly virulent and able to resist the innate immune system due to characteristics of catalase and cytotoxin production enabling to survive phagocytosis, crossing tissue into the bloodstream by its gliding motility, and resistance to killing by serum complement [3–5]. Furthermore, C. canimorsus elicits only limited inflammatory response as there is no interaction of its lipopolysaccharide with toll-like receptor 4, the usual lipopolysaccharide receptor [5].
Grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis subgingival microbial profile before and after treatment
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2020
Irina M. Velsko, Peter Harrison, Natalia Chalmers, Jennifer Barb, Hong Huang, Ikramuddin Aukhil, Luciana Shaddox
When examining changes in prevalence relative to baseline in DD and DH sites of the same 27 species following treatment, we found a decrease in disease-associated species at DD sites from baseline, and an increase in prevalence of health-associated species (Table 3). For example, the prevalence of A.a., F. alocis, T. forsythia, C. gracilis, and Haemophilus spp. dropped significantly at 3 months post-treatment, rebounded slightly at 6 months, and then dropped and remained significantly lower than baseline at 12, 18, and 24 months post-treatment (Figure 3(a–e)). On the other hand, the prevalence of health-associated species S. anginosus/gordonii, S. parasanguinis, and R. dentocariosa/mucilaginosa increased significantly in DD sites following treatment and remained significantly higher through 24 months (Figure 3(f–h)). In contrast, species prevalence at DH sites was less variable after treatment (Table 3), with Capnocytophaga spp., and Eubacterium yurii dropping in prevalence from baseline to 6 months post-treatment (P < 0.05) and P. oulora and R. dentocariosa/mucilaginosa rising in abundance from baseline to 6 months post-treatment (P < 0.05). The unexpected increase in prevalence of disease-associated species in DH samples at 6 months post-treatment compared to baseline is not significant.