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The Potential of Plants as Treatments for Venous Thromboembolism
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Lilitha L. Denga, Namrita Lall
Pathogenesis is the biological mechanism by which a disease develops. Understanding pathogenesis provides key factors and conditions that contribute to disease development and can be targeted when developing treatments. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD study), conducted in 2010, revealed that ischemic heart disease and stroke collectively caused 1 in 4 deaths globally (Horton 2012). This is relevant because, like VTE, the key pathologic mechanism underlying these cardiovascular diseases is thrombosis, indicating that thrombosis is a major contributor to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases (Raskob et al. 2014). Therefore, targeting factors that cause thrombosis is an effective way to treat VTE.
External factors for diseases
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
Now it is clear that antibiotics kill bacteria and cure diseases. Antibiotics also prevent development of disease in the body that's why they are also used for prophylaxis. It has also been proved by animal experiments that bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spirochaetes are responsible for various diseases. These are definite causative factors in disease production. Homeopathy says bacteria and virus-like organisms are not causative factors in disease. Now we can say this homeopathic concept is wrong. Pathology is the subject where pathogenesis is taught. Pathogenesis means how diseases are developed by bacteria, viruses, and other causative factors.
Prevalence, Mortality, and Risk Factors
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
The increase in the global burden of diabetes mellitus is also reflected in increased cases of diabetic neuropathy. Treatments include intensive glycemic control, pathogenetic therapies, and treatment of symptoms. Diabetic neuropathy is resulting in increased complications and healthcare costs. The total median healthcare costs were nearly $17,000 within the first year after diagnosis. Painful diabetic neuropathy costs nearly $5,200 per year for its treatment, while nonpainful diabetic neuropathy costs nearly $2,800 per year.
An update on current and emerging drug treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Athina Trachalaki, Nadiya Sultana, Athol Umfrey Wells
The future of IPF management is likely to depend upon several unresolved issues. Perhaps most important is the question of whether a central IPF pathogenetic pathway is eventually identified, allowing a highly specific therapeutic agent to transform outcomes, much as anti-TNF therapy revolutionized the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Pathogenesis can be broken down into the domains of predilection, initiation of disease and progression of disease. Whilst some progress has been made in understanding predilections for IPF and the disease is widely believed to arise from initial epithelial insults, the primary pathway or pathways driving ongoing progression remain uncertain. The assumption that progression must necessarily be driven primarily by ongoing epithelial pathways, as opposed to fibroblast or connective tissue matrix-mediated pathways, is no more than an assumption.
Modeling type 2 diabetes in rats by administering tacrolimus
Published in Islets, 2022
JC Quintana-Pérez, F García-Dolores, AS Valdez-Guerrero, D Alemán-González-Duhart, MG Arellano-Mendoza, S Rojas Hernández, IM Olivares-Corichi, JR García Sánchez, JG Trujillo Ferrara, F Tamay-Cach
The aim of the current study was to examine the validity of a new, low-cost, non-obese model of type 2 diabetes engendered by administering a daily high dose of tacrolimus (an immunosuppressant) to Wistar rats for 4 weeks. The control rats were subjected to the same conditions, but without tacrolimus administration. The biochemical and antioxidant markers were evaluated two times: 1) on the last day of the week of animal acclimation to lab conditions (before treatment began, being the basal measurement and denominated week 0), and 2) after the 4-week tacrolimus treatment. This model generated a pathogenic condition that complies with the diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes established by the ADA.6 Furthermore, the mechanisms of pathogenesis appear to be similar to the ones occurring in the human disease.
Factors determining the treatment ineffectiveness in multiple sclerosis
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Sub-optimal response should be well evaluated at every step of treatment (clinical variables, MRI activity, patient and physician perception, side effects, serious risks etc.). Identifying patients with moderate or high activity with sub-optimal response-to-treatment and timely intervention-to-treatment is very important for achieving the desired effectiveness in the long-term. After diagnosis, an early and individualized specific treatment for MS (depending on the severity of the disease) may help to prevent radiological and physical disability in the medium-/ long-term. It should be noted that the treatment window is limited. With the emergence of a number of new treatments, a change in the nature of the interactions between patients and MS physicians will be required for clinical decision-making processes regarding the developing MS landscape. It should be kept in mind that the ineffectiveness of the treatment can be minimized with treatment algorithm(s) applied considering the individual pathogenesis, course, and prognosis.