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External factors for diseases
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
“Pathology is the study of disease by scientific methods. . . Disease may be defined as an abnormal variation in the structure or function of any part of the body” (Anderson, 1976, Introduction). Disease has causes. Causative factors in disease may be of a genetic nature or acquired. Acquired disease is due to effects of some external factors such as parasitic microorganisms, including bacteria, protozoa, lower fungi, and viruses. The disease-producing capacity of microorganisms depends on their capacity of invading and multiply within the host. Bacteria cause harmful effects mainly by toxins. It is also true that “Infective disease was the major cause of death throughout the world, and the elimination or reduction in the incidence of most of the important infections largely accounts for the greatly increased life span in technologically advanced communities” (Anderson, 1976, Introduction).
Introduction
Published in Kevin L. Erskine, Erica J. Armstrong, Water-Related Death Investigation, 2021
The pathologist is a specially trained physician (doctor of medicine—MD or doctor of osteopathic medicine—DO) who makes medical diagnoses via the scientific examination of tissues and body fluids. Abnormalities found in the tissues or body fluids constitute forms of pathology. Specifically, pathology is the study of disease and a branch of medicine. Completion of a four-year undergraduate degree, medical school, and a medical residency in either anatomic or anatomic and clinical pathology is required to become a pathologist. This arduous but rewarding process currently takes 11 or 12 years. The pathologist is a licensed physician and is usually board certified in either anatomic or anatomic and clinical pathology after successful completion of an examination.
Becoming a Pathologist
Published in Jeremy R. Jass, Understanding Pathology, 2020
In recognition of the appeal of patient contact, modern medical education is increasingly structured upon the early introduction of clinical scenarios or patient-based teaching. The intention is to foster interest in the underlying basic sciences through the demonstration of their direct clinical relevance. While it is necessary for pathologists to have a thorough and clinically-based medical training, career paths aimed towards the investigative disciplines that underpin diagnosis (e.g. pathology and radiology) may be less apparent in courses that are exclusively patient based (since these disciplines may be perceived merely as support services and not clinical specialties in their own right). Why, after many years of training and anticipation of a direct contribution to patient care should a doctor choose a different path leading to the laboratory?
Device safety assessment of bronchoscopic microwave ablation of normal swine peripheral lung using robotic-assisted bronchoscopy
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Hector De Leon, Kevin Royalty, Louie Mingione, David Jaekel, Sarvesh Periyasamy, David Wilson, Paul Laeseke, William C. Stoffregen, Tim Muench, John P. Matonick, Grzegorz L. Kaluza, Gustavo Cipolla
One animal of the 3-Day group (ID:7) exhibited cough on post-procedural day 1, and a 30-Day swine (ID:13) had a single episode of dry cough during recovery from sedation for blood collection at day 3 (Table 1). Both animals recovered the same day without therapy. Another 30-Day animal (ID: 15) had recurrent episodes of coughing and abnormal respiratory sounds that started 6 days after ablation. Clinical and hematologic evaluations were consistent with a lower respiratory tract infection. Antimicrobial therapy (tulathromycin) was initiated 6 days after ablation for this animal with the resolution of all clinical signs two weeks later (Table 1). Clinical Pathology. No alterations of the complete blood count (CBC) or serum clinical chemistry panel were found in any swine included in the study, except for leukocytosis and mild neutrophilia in a 30-Day swine (ID: 15). Deviations from reference intervals in the rest of swine were consistent with minor changes in individual animals and had no clinical impact. RAB MWA had no effect on gas exchange/ventilation as shown in results from blood gas analyses performed on ablation/treatment day and at termination day.
A single-institution review of lacrimal gland biopsies between 1962 and 2017
Published in Orbit, 2023
Catherine J. Choi, Ann Q. Tran, Apostolos G. Anagnostopoulos, Henry W. Zhou, David T. Tse, Sander R. Dubovy
While the most common categorization of lacrimal gland lesions in the past fell into epithelial versus non-epithelial, and benign versus malignant, these categories do not reflect the typical clinical decision tree. While lymphoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma are malignancies by definition, they are often completely distinct in their presentation and would rarely be on the differential diagnoses with equal weight. While NSOI and pleomorphic adenoma are both benign, NSOI might be closer to an infiltrative lymphoproliferative disorder on imaging and presentation. Table 2 therefore categorized the histopathologic diagnoses into inflammatory, lymphoproliferative, epithelial and non-epithelial tumors, and other. To best characterize the information in the pathology reports, diagnoses were categorized by the specific wording used within the reports, regardless of what the additional clinical impression might have been, leading to some insights into how pathology reports are typically interpreted.
Disruptive innovations in the clinical laboratory: catching the wave of precision diagnostics
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2021
Ziyad Khatab, George M. Yousef
The value of digital pathology exceeds the replacement of glass slides with digital images, with potential to revolutionize the workflow of pathology and redefine pathology practice [32–34]. While other divisions of laboratory medicine (e.g. chemistry) have gone through significant automation, the practice of anatomical pathology has been almost the same for many decades, with the basic process of tissue processing and creating glass slides to be manually evaluated by pathologists. This workflow is manual, time-consuming, expensive, and is liable to multiple human errors throughout the process. Digitalization can help with the establishment of a faster and more efficient workflow. It can provide flexibility in the workspace and working hours for pathologists, in addition to the potential for performing image analysis thus enhancing the value of pathology diagnosis for patient care. It also allows proper integration into laboratory information systems, improving accessibility for the entire clinical team to pathology results.