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Therapeutic effectiveness
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
“In malignant melanoma clinically spontaneous regression often heralded by sudden onset of irregular halo around tumour” (Rossi, 1996, p. 259). Tumors are divided into two groups, one is relatively innocuous tumors designated as benign and the other more rapidly growing, dangerous and destructive tumors known as malignant. The synonym of malignant tumor is cancer. Benign tumors have no metastases and very little tissue destruction while cancer has widespread metastases and much tissue destruction. “Ganglioneuroma is a benign tumor of neurological tissue while neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor. As a rare but remarkable event, neuroblastoma may undergo a form of self cure by maturing into a ganglioneuroma” (Lennox, 1976, p. 302) or “may regress spontaneously” (Blossom et al., 1997, p. 966). “Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant tumour. In some instances removal of primary tumour has been followed by apparently spontaneous disappearance of metastasis” (Lennox, 1976, p. 307).
Functional Anatomy
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
Muscles are the largest group of tissues in the body, accounting for almost half of the body’s weight. Muscles are contractile tissue that convert energy into motion. There are three main types of muscle, skeletal muscle, known as voluntary muscle because we have conscious control over its action, cardiac muscle forming the wall of the heart, and smooth muscle that forms the walls of most vessels and organs. Both cardiac and smooth muscle are involuntary, working without conscious awareness.
Malignant Neoplasms
Published in Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson, Physical Activity and Rehabilitation in Life-threatening Illness, 2021
Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson
Cancer, a group of many diseases which represents over 200 different diagnoses, occurs when cells in the body mutate and proliferate in an uncontrolled manner. Cancers are often categorized as solid, hematological (or liquid), or central nervous system (CNS) types. Solid cancers, most commonly identified as carcinomas or sarcomas, form an abnormal mass called a tumor or lesion, and are most frequently identified by the tissue of origin. Hematological tumors are considered systemic and include blood and lymphatic cancers such as leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma, as well as myelodysplastic syndrome. CNS tumors can occur anywhere within the nervous system, including the brain, meninges, or spinal cord. Tumors are generally classified as either benign, that is, unable or unlikely to spread to distant parts of the body and considered non-cancerous, or malignant, comprised of cancer cells and capable of invading surrounding tissues. Additionally, tumors are considered as either primary, or from the anatomical location and tissue of origin, or metastatic, referring to distant spread from the original location of origin to other areas of the body.
Urothelium removal does not impact mucosal activity in response to muscarinic or adrenergic receptor stimulation
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2023
Christian Moro, Charlotte Phelps
A diverse collection of cells also resides within the lamina propria, which may induce the contractile activity of this layer. These include connective tissue, blood vessels, and afferent nerve fibers, as well as a range of cells types which include interstitial cells and fibroblasts.35 Additionally, a variety of immune cells are present in the lamina propria, such as mast cells and dendritic cells.36,37 Within this layer, the interstitial cells most likely mediate contractile activity and the responses to receptor activation. It is understood that these cells have the ability to contract and hold close associations with the calcium transients and spontaneous activity.26 Interstitial cells have also previously been suggested as the cell type mediating urothelial/lamina propria contractions in response to neurokinin-A.38 Therefore, it appears from past research that the interstitial cells are likely modulators for the observed responses demonstrated in strips of urothelium-removed lamina propria.
Bazi Bushen capsule attenuates cognitive deficits by inhibiting microglia activation and cellular senescence
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Chuanyuan Ji, Cong Wei, Mengnan Li, Shuang Shen, Shixiong Zhang, Yunlong Hou, Yiling Wu
Neurons are the main components of brain tissue, which exchange information by receiving, integrating, conducting and outputting information. Nissl bodies are plaque-like or granular substances present in neurons. They are composed of a large number of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes, which mainly synthesize proteins required for the renewal of organelles. Nissl bodies can be used as a marker of neuronal functional status. The Nissl bodies undergo decrease, loss and dissolution in an injured neuron. Nissl bodies can increase and return to normal levels in the recovery from neuronal injury (Kaufmann et al. 2012). The current study showed that BZBS can protect against neuronal damage and ameliorate the cognitive deficits in d-gal-induced ageing mice (Figure 4(C,D)).
Effect of muscle distribution on lung function in young adults
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Wenbo Shu, Mengchi Chen, Zhengyi Xie, Liqian Huang, Binbin Huang, Peng Liu
A prolonged state of decline in VC results in hindered muscle function of the limbs, atrophy, weakness, and reduction of oxidative capacity (Bui et al. 2019; Shah et al. 2019). Swallow et al. found that the strength of the quadriceps muscle can predict the mortality of patients with moderate to severe COPD (Swallow et al. 2007). In addition to increasing the strength of the breathing muscles, exercise and training of the limbs can also enhance the contractility of the diaphragm, improve the elasticity of the thorax and alveoli, and improve lung compliance (Haas et al. 1985). All of the above are the correlation studies between lung function and limb function in patients with lung diseases. A strong positive correlation also exists between the strength of the flexor and extensor muscles of the lower limbs and the strength of the respiratory muscles in healthy people. The joint development of these parameters is conducive to improving the performance of athletes (Akınog˘Lu et al. 2019). Amann et al. (2010) found that the central brain commands, and the afferent feedback from the muscles of the limbs interact with each other, affecting the cardiopulmonary response. As such, limb function and respiratory function are closely related and affect the size of lung capacity. The role of limb muscle tissue is important.