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Beta and Alpha Particle Autoradiography
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Anders Örbom, Brian W. Miller, Tom Bäck
The combination of the alpha autoradiograph and registration with stained microscope images makes for a powerful tool for understanding and quantifying the dosimetric effects near cellular levels for α-emitters in TAT [47]. This is illustrated in Figure 30.19 with registered iQID and H&E-stained sections from a lymph node biopsy. Additional findings related to this radioimmunotheraphy study are presented in [81].
Drug Substance and Excipient Characterization
Published in Dilip M. Parikh, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 2021
Parind M. Desai, Lai Wah Chan, Paul Wan Sia Heng
One innovative advancement of the laser confocal technique is the development of laser microscopes capable of optical imaging of particles to provide highly accurate and resolved 3D images. Such microscopes use a high-resolution camera and a motorized X-Y stage to locate and move the area of interest in the sample. They also consist of a motorized lens turret that drives the objective lens in the z-axis direction, to provide highly resolved 3D information of particle surfaces (e.g., VK-X series, Keyence Corporation, Osaka, Japan). Measurement of particle size can be accurately carried out with a spatial resolution. Surface properties may also be derived using profilers, contact, and non-contact types. Profilers using non-contact white light interferometry can produce highly resolved surface characteristics and are particularly useful for surface roughness measurements.
Electron Microscopy in Lung Research
Published in Joan Gil, Models of Lung Disease, 2020
Two types of electron microscope are widely available: transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) and scanning electron microscopes (SEMs). Each uses a different mechanism of image formation and gives a different kind of information (Fig. 1) (Watt, 1985). In the TEM, a thin specimen, usually less than 0.1 μm thick, is placed in the electron beam. The electrons pass through the specimen and are brought to a focus on a fluorescent screen or photographic film beneath it. Contrast results from scattering of electrons as they pass through the specimen. The unscattered electrons pass through the specimen to interact with the fluor of the screen or photographic emulsion. Scattering of electrons is a function of the atomic number of the atoms making up the specimen. The bulk of biological material is made up of elements of low atomic number (hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen), so most biological samples have little inherent electron contrast. Contrast is usually introduced by the OsO4 used nearly universally as a fixative, and by the use of heavy metal stains.
Uncover DNA damage and repair-related gene signature and risk score model for glioma
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Yaqiu Wu, Ling Liu, Da Huang, Zhili Li, Ruxiang Xu, Meixiong Cheng, Longyi Chen, Qi Wang, Chao You
Before the experiment, the cells were starved in a serum-free medium for 12h. The cells were digested with trypsin and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 min. After removing the supernatant, the cells were washed with PBS. After the supernatant was discarded, the cells were suspended in a serum-free medium containing 0.1% of BSA for cell count. The cell density was adjusted to 2x105/mL in a serum-free medium containing 0.1% of BSA. 500 uL of complete medium was added into 24-well plate. 100 uL of cell suspension was added in Transwell chamber. The cells were transferred to a 24-well plate containing the complete culture medium and incubated for 24h in the cell incubator. After removing the upper chamber medium, the cells were wiped with the moistened cotton swab. The bottom of Transwell chamber was immersed in 10% of the methanol solution to fix the cells for 30 s and transferred to pure water. After washing off the methanol, the bottom of Transwell chamber was immersed in crystal violet dye for dyeing for 2 min, and cleaned with pure water until the background was clear. Microscope photography was performed.
Microvascular neural blood flow assessment for a chronic nerve compression neuropathy mouse model by fluorescein angiography
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Shunpei Hama, Takuya Yokoi, Mitsuhiro Okada, Takuya Uemura, Kiyohito Takamatsu, Hiroaki Nakamura
At various intervals after the initial surgery for placement of a silastic tube, we re-exposed the left sciatic nerve of the mouse and removed the silastic tube. Next, we set the FAG filter on the bottom of the microscope cylinder and administered a bolus injection of 0.1 ml of fluorescein (100 mg/ml) to the mouse intraperitoneally. We then observed and recorded the luminance from the surgical field for 10 minutes. The distance between the microscope and the object was set at approximately 25 cm. While FAG was being performed for the four experimental groups, we used pieces of Esmarch bandages as background to block luminance around the sciatic nerve. We quantified the luminance from the nerve compression site using luminance analysing software, Flowinsight (Infocom Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) (Figure 3). The peak of the luminance was calculated automatically by setting the region of interest (ROI). Luminance was scored on a scale ranging from 0 (black) to 255 (white) after the recording was converted to grayscale. All luminance measurements were taken by the same researcher who was not blinded to the group the animal was assigned (S.H.).
The Diagnostic Value of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein-1 (SCUBE-1) in an Experimental Model of Strangulated Mechanical Bowel Obstruction
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Arif Burak Cekic, Ozgen Gonenc Cekic, Ali Aygun, Sinan Pasli, Serap Yaman Ozer, Suleyman Caner Karahan, Suleyman Turedi, Sami Acar, Ozgur Tatli, Esin Yulug
At histopathological analysis the ileum specimens were examined macroscopically, after which 1-cm sections were taken and examined in terms of histopathological changes. IMA and SCUBE-1 levels were determined for each group, and macro- and microscopic tissue examination findings were compared between the groups. A light microscope was employed for microscopic examination. Tissues were placed in 10% formaldehyde for light microscopic examination. Following routine application of xylol and alcohol, the specimens were embedded in paraffin blocks. Five-micrometer sections were taken using a microtome (Leica RM2255, Japan), and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and cresyl violet. The ileum preparates were than analyzed by an experienced histologist blinded to the study groups. Semi-quantitative ileum damage scoring was employed to assess the groups’ ileum tissues. Under this system, ileum specimens from the study groups were assessed in terms of villus apical surface epithelial degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration, villous fusion, and hemorrhage. As a result of the histopathologic examinations, it was scored according to the following scale (Table 1); mean scores were then calculated for each group.13