China
Africa
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Neuronal Regulation of the Immune System in Cardiovascular Diseases
Published in Shyam S. Bansal, Immune Cells, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2022
Daniela Carnevale, Giuseppe Lembo, Marialuisa Perrotta, Lorenzo Carnevale
In the past century, communicable diseases have significantly reduced their impact in terms of mortality and disability, while noncommunicable diseases have dramatically raised their burden. Cardiovascular diseases dominate the scenario of overall noncommunicable diseases, prevailing for mortality and morbidity worldwide (Leong et al., 2017). Although a wide array of drugs helping to counteract the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases are available, the global burden of cardiovascular diseases is still elevated, with a consequent high impact on worldwide healthcare systems (Tzoulaki, Elliott, Kontis, & Ezzati, 2016).
Cambodia
Published in Ebby Elahi, World Compendium of Healthcare Facilities and Nonprofit Organizations, 2021
Economic growth has yielded overall improvements in the health status of the population. Life expectancy has increased to 70 years of age, and maternal mortality has decreased. However, there remains room for improvement. The most common causes of death include stroke, lower respiratory infections, cirrhosis, tuberculosis, neonatal disorders, diabetes, COPD, lung cancer, road injuries, and HIV/AIDS. Risk factors such as malnutrition, air pollution, alcohol and tobacco use, high blood sugar, and diet contribute to the heavy burden of non-communicable disease.
Diet and health
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
This chapter will examine how public health nutrition can help to prevent non-communicable diseases and support good health. It will describe the roles of macro and micronutrients as well as food groups. It shows how nutritionists bring together a wide range of evidence to protect and promote good health.
Alcohol and tobacco: use and co-use in the North-Eastern Region of India, 2015-16
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
According to WHO, each year, three million deaths occur worldwide as a result of harmful alcohol use, which accounts for 5.3% of all deaths, and is responsible for 5% of the disability-adjusted life years lost each year (World Health Organization [WHO], 2018a). Likewise, tobacco use (smoking or smokeless) leads to 8 million deaths worldwide (WHO, 2020) and 44% of all non-communicable disease deaths annually. Various chronic diseases, including cancer, lung, and cardiovascular diseases, are significant risk factors, with many deaths occurring prematurely (World No Tobacco Day: Tobacco and Heart Disease, 2018b). According to a non-communicable disease report, many of these diseases can be avoided by cutting down on tobacco and alcohol use, maintaining a healthy diet, and exercising regularly (WHO, 2014).
The triple burden of disease, destitution, and debt: Small business-women’s voices about health challenges after becoming debt-ridden
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
Sara Rizvi Jafree, Mudasir Mustafa
Women from all MFP types reported at least seven or more types of health problems and thus differences in health challenges faced by women according to MFP type have not been reported separately. Health challenges have been reported using the theoretical framework of this study, which categorizes problems according to “environment” and “healthcare delivery system.” “Environmental” health challenges are further sub-divided under “social,” “physical and mental,” and “economic” challenges. For the “social” sub-category, we found that women faced the following health challenges: (i) unsupportive loan officers, (ii) communicable diseases, and (iii) lack of permission to seek healthcare. Under the “physical and mental” sub-category we found that women face health challenges related to: (i) stress and anxiety, (ii) injuries, and (iii) non-communicable diseases. Under the “economic” sub-category we found two health challenges: (i) poverty and (ii) small loans and high installments rates.
Association of different lipid measures with incident bone fractures: Tehran lipid and glucose study
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2022
M Tohidi, N Barzegar, M Hasheminia, F Azizi, F Hadaegh
This study was conducted within the framework of the TLGS, a community-based large-scale cohort study on a representative population of Tehran in district 13. The TLGS aims to establish epidemiological aspect and the incidence of noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors. It also aims to prevent noncommunicable diseases by developing healthier lifestyles. Briefly, participants were recruited in two consequent phases: first (1999–2001, n = 15,005) and second (2002–2005, n = 3555), and data gathering is planned to continue at approximately three-year intervals on the follow-up visits. Further details on the TLGS design and enrollment have been previously described [18]. In the current study, 3893 individuals aged ≥ 50 years were included in the study. After excluding subjects with missing data for covariates (n = 214, considering overlap features between numbers) and those without any follow-up after baseline recruitment (n = 370), 3309 individuals (men = 1598) remained in the study and were followed until 20 March 2018.