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Smoking (Cessation)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the U.S. Smokers are far more likely to develop coronary heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, and COPD. Smoking increases the chances of acquiring type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, bladder cancer, leukemia, and many other types of cancer.1 Smoking is a practice wherein tobacco smoke is breathed in and absorbed into the bloodstream. Nicotine in cigarette smoke is an appetite suppressant that speeds up the heart and elevates blood pressure, as well as increasing the calories that the body burns. It is also a highly addictive drug. To quit smoking is a very difficult endeavor for most. Cessation counseling may be necessary for some patients.
Impact of Lifestyle on Cardiometabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Cindy Lamendola, Jane Nelson Worel
Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the US. It is a major risk factor for the development of ASCVD. Smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke are associated with greater risk of death from coronary heart disease (Arnett et al., 2019). Systematic reviews have linked active smoking to insulin resistance and an increased risk of T2D (Bush et al., 2016). Tobacco use, together with insulin resistance, results in elevated triglycerides and other atherogenic lipoproteins (Farin et al., 2007). Smokers have an increased risk of developing T2D by 30–44% when compared to nonsmokers (Bush et al., 2016). Tobacco use in those with diabetes results in higher glucose and Hgb A1C levels, making diabetes more difficult to manage.
Introduction to Cancer, Conventional Therapies, and Bionano-Based Advanced Anticancer Strategies
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
The use of tobacco accounts for 21% of total deaths related to cancer, worldwide. In the United States, smoking is responsible for around 30% of all deaths that are related to cancer [49]. It is considered to be the most potent risk factor for lung cancer, as it increases the risk by 10−20 folds [50]. Studies also suggest that it is associated as a causative factor for cancer in the oral and nasal cavity [51]. In addition, smoking is implicated with an increased incidence of prostate cancer as well as breast cancer [52, 53]. Quitting smoking results in significant health benefits, even for long-time smokers. These benefits can be noticed at all ages and can be measured almost directly after cessation. Furthermore, quitting smoking in patients who already have cancer may improve cancer treatment outcomes [54].
Effectiveness of a perioperative smoking cessation program evaluated over one-year follow-up
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2021
Doh Young Lee, Seong Dong Kim, Jaehyun Lim, Kwang Hyun Kim, Hong Ryul Jin, Young Ho Jung
Smoking is the main risk factor for more than 60 diseases and is the most common cause of death in the world. Smoking can cause cancer, respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity, reduced health-related quality of life, and premature death (Mussener et al., 2016). Furthermore, ENT diseases such as rhinosinusitis; chronic pharyngeal disease; laryngeal disease, including voice disorders; and cancers in the oral cavity and laryngopharynx are all associated with smoking (Caminha et al., 2018; Roden et al., 2020). Smoking is also associated with treatment-related complications. Many studies have revealed that smokers have a higher incidence of perioperative respiratory and cardiovascular complications than nonsmokers (Moller et al., 2002). Furthermore, many clinical studies have found that smoking has adverse effects on wound healing and that smoking cessation can reduce the wound complications of various types of invasive surgeries, including head and neck surgeries (De Cassia Braga Ribeiro et al., 2003).
Cigarette smoking and its toxicological overview on human male fertility—a prospective review
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
R. Parameswari, T. B. Sridharan
Cigarette smoking, which is one of the addictive behaviors as well as lifestyle behavior of human beings, in the modern culture denotes the inhalation and exhalation of fumes from burning tobacco and other ingredients that are present in the cigarette (Singh and Kathiresan 2015). As per quote by the National Institution of Health (NIH), it is a type of mood behavior and become a psychological addiction in the teenagers. In the modernized world, smoking is one of the major fascinated habits among young teenagers, especially in the age of reproductive stage (Barratt et al. 2017). The habit of smoking causes acute and chronic disorders in both the genders. The effect of smoking on a human is shown in Figure 2. It includes peptic ulcer, periodontitis, cancer (lung, bronchitis & larynx, oral, and bladder), stroke, cataracts, atherosclerosis, emphysema, asthma, coronary, and myocardial infraction, leukemia, and infertility in both males and female. However, the percentage of smokers in India increased in 2017 as compared with the 2010 ratio report obtained (Figure 3) from the WHO (2010). Also, in detail, in the age-wise smokers report, the percentage of reproductive-age smokers was high, as shown by the pie chart in Figure 4 (WHO 2010).
A scoping review of the prevalence of use of substance among African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) people in Canada
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2020
Joseph Bertrand Nguemo Djiometio, Asfaw Buzuayew, LaRon E Nelson, Geoffrey Maina, Irene Njoroge, Meldon Kahan, Josephine Wong
equipment which increases the risk of HIV infection (Baidoobonso et al., 2012). This review identified that when people are drunk, they cannot refuse their partners, and some engage in unsafe sexual activities such as unprotected sexual activities (Baidoobonso et al., 2012). This review identified that cigarette smoking can lead to or causes lung cancer, gum/mouth disease, heart disease, asthma, premature/early death, chronic bronchitis/emphysema, bladder cancer, or vision loss/blindness (Elton-Marshall et al., 2018). It was reported that cannabis use can lead to harm such as cannabis use disorder. The cannabis uses disorder identified in this review includes problematic cannabis use. The prevalence of problematic cannabis use (moderate/high) among was 8% among Caribbean and 4% African. (Tuck et al., 2017). Codeine and NSAID prescription use can to lead overdose and death (Ray et al., 2014) whereas opioid use can lead to abuse/addiction (Armstrong, 2017).