China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
A correspondence between Martin Burkenroad and Libbie Hyman: Or, whatever did happen to Libbie Hyman’s lingerie
Published in Frank Truesdale, History of Carcinology, 2020
Safely back on dear old Broadway. Sorry I did not get to say goodby to you; I was so badly sunburned that the climbing of the stairs to your perch would have been painful. The book we talked about is [J.H.] Woodger (not Woodridge), Biological Principles [1929]. I think you’ll find it interesting. Sorry, your plant is not the tobacco used in making cigars, etc. That has small, rose-purple flowers. I thought it did but wasn’t sure at the time of the argument. Your plant is the common garden nicotine — comes from Brazil, and so far as I know is never used for making tobacco. Sorry to disillusion you if you were counting on a carload of cigarettes from yours. Regards, Libbie
Consciousness, Sleep and Hypnosis, Meditation, and Psychoactive Drugs
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Nicotine is highly addictive, both physically and psychologically (Laviolette & van der Kooy, 2004). Nicotine is found in all tobacco products, including pipe tobacco, cigars, cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco. About 19.4 percent of American adults are cigarette smokers (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2015). The proportion of smokers is much higher in Japan, many European countries, and developing countries. Nicotine increases mental alertness and reduces fatigue or drowsiness. Brain-imaging studies show that nicotine increases neural activity in many brain areas, including the frontal lobes, the thalamus, the hippocampus, and the amygdala (Rose et al., 2003). Thus, it is not surprising that smokers report that tobacco enhances mood, attention, arousal, and vigilance. When cigarette smoke is inhaled, nicotine reaches the brain in seconds. But over the next hour or two, nicotine’s desired effects diminish. For the addicted person, smoking becomes a finely tuned and regulated behavior so that steady brain levels of nicotine are maintained. At regular intervals ranging from about 30–90 minutes, the smoker lights up to avoid the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms. People who start smoking for nicotine’s stimulating properties often continue smoking to avoid the withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms include irritability, tremors, headaches, impaired concentration, and light-headedness.
Tobacco-free stadia
Published in Peter Krustrup, Daniel Parnell, Football as Medicine, 2019
Michael Viggars, Kathryn Curran, Matthew Philpott
Second-hand smoke is the smoke that fills restaurants, offices or other enclosed spaces when people burn and consume tobacco products such as cigarettes, bidis and water-pipes. In adults, second-hand smoke causes serious cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, including coronary heart disease and lung cancer. In infants, it causes sudden death and in pregnant women, it causes low birth weight. Almost half of children regularly breathe air polluted by tobacco smoke in public places (WHO 2018). Indeed, implementing effective strategies to reduce the harm caused by tobacco use and second-hand smoke is of paramount concern for international public health agencies, national governments and health insurance companies.
Current tobacco use is associated with mental morbidity and health risk behaviours among school-going adolescents in Liberia and Mauritius
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
The use of tobacco kills over eight million people every year globally, and 6.4 million in low- and middle-income countries (World Health Organization (WHO), 2019b). Tobacco use is usually initiated during adolescence, which makes them a specifically vulnerable group (Aldrich et al., 2015). In a large school health survey, 13.6% of adolescents were currently using tobacco in low- and middle-income countries, and 12.3% engaged in current tobacco use in Africa (Xi et al., 2016). Current tobacco use in Monrovia, Liberia, was 13.6% in 2008 (Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 2008), and among male adolescent students in Mauritius current tobacco use increased from 25.6% in 2007 to 28.4% in 2017 (Pengpid & Peltzer, 2020a). Tobacco use can cause significant morbidity, including cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2018). However, there is a lack of studies that have investigated the effects of tobacco use on mental health and health compromising behaviors.
Explaining the reasons for the tendency of youth to hookah smoking: a qualitative study
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
Reza Sadeghi, Narges Khanjani, Mehri Hashemi
Tobacco is used in various ways such as chewing, smoking and hookah. Hookah smoking is an old way of smoking, which its origin is under dispute, but currently India, Turkey and Iran have the highest numbers of hookah users (Hessami et al., 2016). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that a rapid increase has occurred in using other (non-cigarette) forms of tobacco, including hookah (Control Centers for Disease and Prevention, 2014). Contrary to medical evidence, young people believe smoking sweetened tobacco through a hookah is nonaddictive (Rezk-Hanna & Benowitz, 2019). Many people mistakenly think that hookah is harmless or less dangerous than cigarettes, while in many cases hookah is more harmful (Mazloomy Mahmoodabad et al., 2018). The prevalence of hookah use in some areas is higher than smoking, and its use has expanded significantly, so that about one hundred million people around the world use hookah daily (Minaker et al., 2015). Today, this phenomenon has become so widespread and popular among young people that in some places, hookah smoking has become an accepted social phenomenon (Sadeghi, Mahmoodabad et al., 2019).
Tobacco use disparities and disability among US college students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Myriam Casseus, Judith M. Graber, Bernadette West, Olivia Wackowski
People with disabilities have consistently higher prevalence of current tobacco smoking than people without disabilities.1–5 As with many other substances, this disparity in tobacco use is attributed to the strong association between psychiatric disorders and substance use. For instance, individuals with mental illness have significantly higher rates of current smoking, smoke a greater number of cigarettes a day, have fewer quit attempts, and are less successful at quitting.2,4,6–9 These symptoms of addiction are attributed to nicotine, an addictive substance found in tobacco. Nicotine use disorder has been positively associated with several psychiatric conditions such as panic disorders, clinical depression, borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorders, generalized anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder.10–13