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Microbiome and pregnancy complications
Published in Moshe Hod, Vincenzo Berghella, Mary E. D'Alton, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Eduard Gratacós, Vassilios Fanos, New Technologies and Perinatal Medicine, 2019
Maria Carmen Collado, Omry Koren
To date, few studies investigated the connection between PE and the microbiota, but there are reports associating infections such as bacteriuria, urinary tract infections, and others with PE (27). Besides studies that attempted to correlate changes in the debatable placental microbiome (see previous section) with PE, the oral microbiome has been most studied in relation to the condition, although a recent study also investigated the gut microbiota of Chinese women with PE or healthy pregnancies. This study reported differences in the gut microbiota of healthy pregnant women and women with PE. Women with PE had greater abundance of Bulleidia moorei and Clostridium perfringens, and decreased abundance of the propionate producer Coprococcus catus, all members of the Firmicutes phylum (28). When looking at changes in the oral microbiota (mainly oral infections) and its influence on PE, a connection that has also been termed the oral placental route, there are additional reports in the literature. One established connection is the link between periodontitis and PE. Contreras et al. reported a significant correlation between the levels of Porphyromonas gingivalisand Tannerella forsythensis and Eikenella corrodens in the oral cavity and PE (27). The correlation between oral infections and PE was reported by several other groups, as well (29,30).
Life-long dynamics of the swine gut microbiome and their implications in probiotics development and food safety
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Ying Li, Xiaofan Wang, Xiu-qi Wang, Junjun Wang, Jiangchao Zhao
Figure 3 shows the relative abundance of these bacteria in the pigs of the control and the FMT group in the validation trial. Bacterial features associated with Bulleidia (F336) and Lacobacillus mucosae (F454) were more abundant in the FMT group with greater growth performance at the nursery stage, whereas features affiliated with Acidaminococcus (F100) and Prevotella (F73) were over represented in the FMT group at the late nursery and growing stages. Members of Turicibacter (F26), more abundant in the FMT group, didn’t emerge until the finishing stage. Of note, features associated with growth performance, calculated based on the final body weight, were mainly late colonizers of the swine gut. For example, F4 and F18, which were more abundant in the FMT group, started appearing in the gut at the growing stages. Our data show different sets of potentially beneficial bacteria associated with superior phenotypes with a stage-specific pattern. We propose that a mix of probiotics tailored to growth stages of pigs, rather than to a single bacterial strain, should be developed to optimize their beneficial effects on swine health and production.
Association of the oral microbiome with the progression of impaired fasting glucose in a Chinese elderly population
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Rui-Rui Wang, Yue-Song Xu, Meng-Meng Ji, Li Zhang, Dong Li, Qing Lang, Lei Zhang, Guang Ji, Bao-Cheng Liu
Several features of the oral microbiota have been reported to be related with T2D. Although using a small cohort of morbid obese patients, it has been reported that obese individuals with T2D showed lower levels of Bifidobacteria [7]. Another study revealed that the phylum Actinobacteria and genera such as Actinomyces and Atopobium, which belong to the phylum Actinobacteria, were significantly less abundant in patients with T2D compared to healthy controls [8]. However, in our study we reported an increase of several hyperglycemia-associated bacterial genera such as Leptotrichia, Staphylococcus, Catonella, and Bulleidia in the VH group. Leptotrichia has been previously linked with periodontal diseases [18]. Staphylococcus is a more common pathogenic genus which could induce cross-infection and dissemination from the oral cavity to other body sites [19,20]. Several species from the genus Catonella have been considered as candidate periodontal pathogens [21]. Bulleidia has also been reported to be enriched in children with dental caries [22]. It is now well accepted that the gut microbiota may induce systemic inflammation, which could result in the insulin resistance and T2D [23,24]. Although the amount of bacteria in the mouth is much less than in the gut, oral bacteria can migrate to other body sites, causing inflammation both locally and systemically [9,25]. The enrichment of these opportunistic pathogens in the elderly patients with diabetes may contribute to inflammation and insulin resistance. So, the oral dysbacteriosis may not only represent a typical feature of hyperglycemia, but might also contribute to the disease progression.