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Challenges for Oncology: Prevention, Palliation, and Survival
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
Secondary prevention techniques are as follows: Provide health education to the populationConduct studies of selective detectionSearch for clinical cases (case finding)Conduct population screening (screening)
The Breast
Published in E. George Elias, CRC Handbook of Surgical Oncology, 2020
Case finding, in a physician’s own practice, may play an important role in early detection. Frequent breast exams during any physical examination and placing major emphasis on self breast examination, which must be well taught early in life, may also have a great impact on early detection.
Methods of Screening for Survey Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias Based on Experience in the North Manhattan Aging Project
Published in Zaven S. Khachaturian, Teresa S. Radebaugh, Alzheimer’s Disease, 2019
Screening will be considered only for the purposes of research, and then only epidemiological research. A system of clinical inquiry1,2 is of a quite different nature than that designed for research. It is tempting but misleading to transfer to clinical settings the methods found successful in epidemiology, or conversely. Even within the scope of epidemiology, each study must be first conceived as a system of case finding and ascertainment before appropriate methods of screening can be properly constructed. By these tokens, it is not sound practice for choice of screening methods to be determined by the popularity of an instrument or its success in other hands.
Association of the modified creatinine index with muscle strength and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Rongrong Tian, Liyang Chang, Dan Liu, Fenxia Luo, Ying Zhang, Linghong Cheng, Hongmei Zhang
The objective of case finding is to identify persons at a high risk of adverse clinical outcomes. Our results showed that the mCI could predict survival. Moreover, adding mCI to the baseline evaluation model consisting of classical risk factors significantly improved the predictably of all-cause mortality, as observed in the discrimination analysis model. Thus, the mCI classified by the cutoff value was useful in stratifying risks of all-cause mortality and was preferred over the MQSGA for predicting death in patients undergoing HD. These results validated the clinical value of the mCI as a simple tool to detect persons at risk of adverse outcomes from probable sarcopenia. A few studies involving patients undergoing HD also reported that the mCI was significantly associated with greater survival, and those studies analyzed data using arbitrary cutoff points for high mCI derived from their cohorts and the cutoff points were not always consistent. Differently from them, we determined the optimal cutoff value of the mCI to identify probable sarcopenia and validated the prognostic value, which was important and practical in clinical use. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study. Our research provides a convenient and adequate method that can be easily adopted clinically to identify persons with probable sarcopenia, who may be amenable to treatment.
Well-being and dietary adherence in patients with coeliac disease depending on follow-up
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021
Jesper Lexner, Henrik Hjortswang, Rickard Ekesbo, Klas Sjöberg
While the baseline characteristics of the two cohorts did not differ, there were differences in coeliac disease-related health at the time of diagnosis. The patients in the GP group had lower levels of albumin and ferritin, which may indicate that they had more severe gastrointestinal inflammation and malabsorption. There was also a tendency that these patients had more severe villous atrophy. Weight loss was a more common cause of investigation in the GP than in the GE group. The patients in the GP group thus seem to have been in a worse condition at the time of diagnosis. This raises the question whether milder cases could be missed in Malmö. In line with this hypothesis there were 70% more cases of coeliac disease in Linköping (GE cohort) compared to Malmö (GP cohort) during the study (121 cases vs 73) despite the fact that the population is more than twice as big in Malmö as in Linköping [27]. At least in childhood coeliac disease, no difference in incidence has previously been reported between the south of Sweden, where Malmö is situated, and central Sweden, where Linköping is located [28]. This raises the question if differences in case finding strategies could result in fewer detected cases and also detection at a later stage when the patients are more affected by the disease or if the incidence may really differ between different regions in Sweden.
Vision Screening in Belgian Children: Too Much or Not Enough?
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2020
Coralie Hemptinne, Nancy La Grange, Demet Yüksel
Despite their differences, the three screening programs are being designed to reach the optimal balance between, on the one hand, sensitivity and the risk of missing diseases, and on the other hand, specificity and the cost of over-referrals. According to the World Health Organization, a screening program should be developed, among others, if the cost of case-finding (including diagnosis and treatment of the diagnosed patients) is economically balanced in relation to possible expenditure on medical care as a whole.1 Thus, ongoing cost-benefit monitoring is essential for finding the optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity, and for assessing the cost of screening and the benefits for the society. In Belgium, vision screening data is collected monthly, and analysis on the screening outcomes is conducted yearly.