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Cancer
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Prevention of breast cancer primarily includes lifestyle modification, chemoprevention, and surgical prevention. Lifestyle modification involves changes in behavior such as smoking cessation, a healthy diet, alcohol reduction, and regular exercise. Screening for the early detection of breast cancer is important. Monthly self-breast examination is required. Screening with clinical breast examination, mammography, and MRI must be done. Mammography is most accurate for older women. For women with an average risk of breast cancer, screening mammography generally begins at age 40, 45, or 50 and then annually or every 2 years. The patient must be educated about the risks for breast cancer.
Machine Learning Algorithms Used in Medical Field with a Case Study
Published in K. Gayathri Devi, Kishore Balasubramanian, Le Anh Ngoc, Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Medical Science, 2022
In investigative workup environment [14], DM has been made known to diminish the breast malignancy. In standard medical practice, mammograms are evaluated by the radiologists and Classification is done based on the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon [15]. If any abnormality is detected in mammogram, a diagnostic workup that includes imaging modalities or additional mammographic views is typically required. Further evaluation using biopsy is recommended when lesion is suspicious. There are some risk factors which might raise the possibility of getting affected with breast cancer. Roughly about 80 percent of breast cancers are found in women neighboring the age of 50. Family history and Personal history may also raise the risk. Women who are with definite genetic mutations, as well as changes to the Breast Cancer (BRCA1 and BRCA2) genes, are at increased risk of having breast cancer during their life. Childbearing and menstrual history and other gene changes may also raise the risk. Due to the subtle difference between lesions and background fibro-glandular tissue, non-rigid nature of the breast and different lesion types, analysis of these images is difficult which leads to significant inter-observer and intra-observer variability [16].
Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast Using a Solid-State Gamma Camera
Published in Raymond Taillefer, Iraj Khalkhali, Alan D. Waxman, Hans J. Biersack, Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast, 2021
Breast compression is essential in X-ray mammography. The radiographic technique depends on transmission of relatively low kvP X-rays through as uniform a thickness of breast tissue as possible. However, the degree of compression used during the brief X-ray exposure in standard X-ray mammography is probably unsuitable for gamma camera imaging.
Culturally safe, appropriate, and high-quality breast cancer screening for transgender people: A scoping review
Published in International Journal of Transgender Health, 2023
Imogen Ramsey, Kate Kennedy, Greg Sharplin, Marion Eckert, Micah D. J. Peters
Recommendations for transgender women were less uniform. For those with a history of GAHT, recommendations varied based on the duration of GAHT use (>5 years, 5-10 years, unspecified), age (>50 years), and presence of other risk factors (family history, BMI > 35) (see Table 4). Mammography was the most frequently recommended screening modality (n = 15 studies, see Table 4), with recommended screening intervals of annually and every 2 years. For transgender women in general (i.e., GAHT use not specified), routine screening as for cisgender women was recommended (see Table 4). One study stated that as there is little scientific evidence to support the recommendation of screening after 5 years of hormone exposure, screening recommendations should be individualized. Several studies discussed the lack of consensus on recommendations and differing guidelines (Fledderus et al., 2020; Goldberg et al., 2018; Hartley et al., 2018; Huang et al., 2020; Lienhoop et al., 2020; Maglione et al., 2014; Meggetto et al., 2019; Stone et al., 2018).
What are the diagnostic capabilities of glycans for breast cancer?
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2023
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in women. Lack of early symptoms and reasonable diagnostic methods resulted in the late detection of this disease. Usually, breast cancer patients in early stages without distant metastasis can be cured in about 70–80% of cases, with an overall 5-year survival rate of over 80%, while 5-year survival rate drops significantly to 25% for those with distant metastasis [1,2]. Mammography-based screening is the main modality of screening used for breast cancer. However, false-positive feedback and over-diagnosis disadvantaged the application of radiation mammography-based screening [3]. Therefore, identifying novel breast cancer diagnostics is of utmost importance for initial diagnosis and disease progressing monitor on breast cancer.
Mammographic density and breast cancer screening
Published in Climacteric, 2020
Mammography, which is an X-ray of the breast, can be used to image the breast in a diagnostic setting, where the woman presents with symptoms, or a screening setting where the woman has no symptoms. In many developed countries, there are community-based systems inviting women at mid-life and older for regular mammographic screening with the aim of early identification and treatment of breast cancer (BC). In Australia, women are invited for biennial screening between the ages of 50 and 74 years1. The basis for the establishment of mammographic screening programs was a series of randomized trials done between the 1960s and the 1990s which showed that inviting women at midlife and older for screening was associated with about a 20% reduction in mortality from breast cancer2.