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Importation and Visualization of Ultrasound Data
Published in Johan Helmenkamp, Robert Bujila, Gavin Poludniowski, Diagnostic Radiology Physics with MATLAB®, 2020
Tobias Erlöv, Magnus Cinthio, Tomas Jansson
Ultrasound is sound with a frequency above the audible range of the human ear. In medical ultrasound scanners the frequency range is usually in the range of 1–15 MHz. Using an ultrasound transducer, sound pulses are transmitted into the body where they are reflected at various structures, for example, boundaries between different tissues, due to differences in acoustical properties. A fraction of the reflected sound travels back to the transducer and the scanner then measures the time delay from the transmitted pulse to the reception of the different echoes (reflected pulses). By knowing the speed of sound the scanner can calculate the origin of the echoes and thereby, similarly to the bats and dolphins, create a picture of the reflecting structures.
DRCOG MCQs for Circuit C Questions
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Appropriate investigations for recurrent miscarriages (RM) include:Chromosomal karyotyping of both parents.Screening for antiphospholipid antibody and lupus anticoagulant.Transvaginal ultrasound.Measure serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the mother.Hysterosalpingogram.
Sonography in Male Infertility
Published in Asim Kurjak, Ultrasound and Infertility, 2020
Invasive methods for the diagnosis of male infertility (endoscopy, puncture) may be associated with significant complications, as are infections, bleeding, and postoperative strictures. This fact offers a direction for the use of noninvasive methods in the management of these patients. Ultrasound, being an entirely noninvasive and safe method has been used widely in clinical practice during the past years.
Comprehensive overview of the venous disorder known as pelvic congestion syndrome
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Kamil Bałabuszek, Michał Toborek, Radosław Pietura
Ultrasound (US) remains the first line, screening imaging study. Conventional B-mode assesses pelvic anatomy and excludes masses, while color-Doppler measures flow. Ultrasound has the advantage of allowing dynamic examination with provocative Valsalva manoeuvres [60,61]. The ultrasound can be either transvaginal, transabdominal or transperineal [62]. Transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) may better rule out other gynecological problems, but transabdominal and transperineal US allows to visualise the vessel on a longer course [62,63]. Findings suggesting the diagnosis are tortuous pelvic veins with a diameter more than 4 mm, slow (≤ 3 cm/s) blood flow and dilated arcuate veins in the myometrium, communicating with the pelvic varicosities [63]. According to Park et al. positive predictive value as a cut-off diameter of a left ovarian vein in the US was 71.2% at 5 mm, 83.3% at 6 mm, 81.8% at 7 mm, and 75.8% at 8 mm [64].
Delayed gastric emptying in nondiabetic patients with end-stage kidney disease
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Cuiyu Wang, Chao Chen, Jin Wang, Xiaohua Guo, Yuechan. C. Deng, Li Liu, Chunmei Zhao
Each patient underwent ultrasound examinations on the day of hemodialysis and the day after hemodialysis (non-dialysis day). On the day of hemodialysis, an ultrasound examination was first performed at 8 a.m. after an overnight fast. Then, patients were provided with a light meal, which included a standardized portion of noodles, bread or rice, and clear fluid, which was eaten over 15‒30 min. Immediately after the meal, patients underwent a second ultrasound examination at about 8:30 a.m. The third ultrasound session was performed at 14:30, and the patients were allowed to drink clear water 2 h before this examination, but not allowed to eat. Routine hemodialysis treatment was performed between the second and third ultrasound examinations. On the nondialysis day, patients underwent the same imaging procedure except they did not receive hemodialysis treatment.
Heterotopic pregnancy after bilateral salpingectomy, IVF and multiple embryos transfer. A case report and systematic review of the literature
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Grigorios Karampas, Andreas Zouridis, Evangelia Deligeoroglou, Dimitra Metallinou, Theodoros Panoskaltsis, Konstantinos Panoulis, Martin Rudnicki, Nikolaos Vlahos
In conclusion, HP after bilateral salpingectomy is an extremely rare complication of IVF-ET cycles. Tubal factor infertility, previous tubal surgery and multiple embryo transfer are the main risk factors while the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Symptoms and signs can be unspecific and even misleading. High levels of beta-hCG at early stages in combination with single intrauterine pregnancy can indicate a HP but cannot set the diagnosis. Transvaginal ultrasound scan is the main diagnostic tool for the initial differential diagnosis while MRI is performed in selective indications. In cases of HP, the EP is more frequently located in the intramural part of the fallopian tubes, the tubal stump and the ovaries while an abdominal pregnancy, though extremely rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis. Laparotomy or laparoscopy for the excision of the EP are the main therapeutic options with adequate perinatal outcome regarding the intrauterine conceptus.