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The Counseling Environment and Design
Published in Harvey M. Rappaport, Kelly S. Straker, Tracy S. Hunter, Joseph F. Roy, The Guidebook for Patient Counseling, 2020
Harvey M. Rappaport, Kelly S. Straker, Tracy S. Hunter, Joseph F. Roy
Lack of privacy is a good example of a significant barrier that impedes patient interaction and understanding. However, when designing a patient counseling area a separate room is not necessarily required. Actually, patients may be reluctant and uneasy about a separate, walled-off space. Nevertheless, there needs to be an effective consultation area, even one that is just adjacent to the prescription counter or separated from the merchandise area by a low wall or partition. Both pharmacist and patient can stand for most consultations, perhaps with the pharmacist standing just slightly elevated in front of the patient on a riser or platform. Chairs could be placed in a nearby area to allow patients to wait comfortably but out of hearing range.
Hearing and Musicians’ Recent Findings on Hearing Health and Auditory Enhancement
Published in Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba, Mark Krumm, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science, 2020
Sávia Leticia Menuzzo Quental, Maria Isabel Ramos do Amaral, Christiane Marques do Couto
In turn, it is known that sensorineural hearing loss not only leads to a reduction in dynamic hearing range but also impairs the discrimination of frequencies, timbre, and temporal resolution (John et al., 2012; Moore, 2016). Hearing is the main sense from which musicians carry out their professional activities. “Listening well,” besides other functions, is essential for performance and therefore the occurrence of hearing disorders can be extremely harmful to their work.
Treatment of Pressure Sores
Published in J G Webster, Prevention of Pressure Sores, 2019
Ultrasound is a form of acoustic vibration at frequencies greater than the hearing range of humans (20 Hz – 20 kHz). Ultrasound applied in medical applications is usually of a frequency between 1 and 15 MHz and is produced by the piezoelectric effect (Wadsworth and Chanmugam 1983). Figure 14.12 shows a typical ultrasonic transducer and generator. The generator produces an AC current at a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of a quartz crystal. At this frequency the crystal vibrates with an amplitude that depends on the thickness of the crystal and intensity of the current. A transducer head placed in front of the crystal vibrates mechanically due to the acoustic vibration of the crystal.
Auditory brainstem responses obtained with randomised stimulation level
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2023
Marta Martinez, Joaquin T. Valderrama, Isaac M. Alvarez, Angel de la Torre, Jose L. Vargas
Firstly, the auditory stimuli in the chained-stimuli method are presented with a fixed presentation rate, however RSL not only randomises the level of the stimuli but also their inter-stimulus interval. This randomisation in the stimulus rate enables the recording of ABRs at rates faster than 100 stim/s, i.e. using inter-stimulus intervals shorter than the 10 ms averaging window and estimating the transient ABRs via deconvolution (Valderrama et al., 2012, 2014c; de la Torre et al., 2019, 2020). This would allow the investigation of neural adaptation effects derived from both the stimulus presentation rate and level. In fact, Valderrama et al. (2014b) designed an experimental paradigm that enabled the characterisation of two different neural adaptation mechanisms associated with the stimulus presentation rate – this study found that the ABR morphology was affected by both fast adaptation (i.e. by the average stimulus presentation rate in the preceding few milliseconds) and slow adaptation (i.e. average stimulus rate in the preceding tens of milliseconds). Investigating fast and slow neural adaptation effects derived from both a randomised stimulus rate and level could have important implications in adjacent fields of hearing research, such as the investigation of neural indicators for hidden hearing loss (HHL – individuals with audiometric thresholds within the normal-hearing range who present abnormal speech-in-noise intelligibility difficulties) since animal studies have shown HHL to be associated with the inability of midbrain neurons to adapt to loud sound environments (Bakay et al., 2018).
Audio and vestibular analyses in patient with multiple sclerosis: a case–control study
Published in Hearing, Balance and Communication, 2021
Maryam Delphi, Maryam Sayaf, Fatemeh Taheri, Nastaran Majdinasab
The inclusion criteria were the MS diagnosis by a neurologist using the McDonald's criterion 2017 in the case group [12], the normal hearing range (average frequency thresholds of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 less than 25 decibels) in both ears, and hearing symmetry of both ears (difference in hearing thresholds in the range of 5 dB) using audiometry test in the control group. Moreover, some other criteria were no neck problems such as osteoarthritis or limited movement, using no toxicity ear drugs, no history of head trauma, the absence of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and thyroid dysfunction, and the absence of active infection in the outer and middle ear by tympanometry in both studied groups. Notably, the participants of the control group had a general health certificate from a specialist physician.
Evaluations on the stability and bio-compatibility of a new piezoelectric microphone for the implantable middle ear microphone
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Yu Zheng, Xian-hao Jia, Na Gao, Xin-Da Xu, Ning Cong, Fang-lu Chi
In the present study, the stability and bio-compatibility of the NFPM were explored in the middle ear of a cat model. The reasons for using cats as our model were as follows: (1) the cochlear morphology and auditory central nervous system of cats are similar to that of humans; (2) cats are able to withstand long-term anesthesia reasonably well; (3) procedures for cat middle ear surgery are well-established in our laboratory; (4) many citations on cat auditory physiology are available; and (5) cats have a human-like hearing range (coverage of 50 Hz–65 kHz) [13]. However, it is worth noting that the auditory ossicular chain of cats is not very similar to that of humans. The malleus of cats is the longest and largest: about 17 mg in mass and about 8 mm in length; the incus is much smaller: about 3 mg in mass and 2.5 mm in length; and the stapes is the smallest: less than 1 mg in mass and approximately 1.5 mm in length. Therefore, the stapes could hardly be used as a coupling site of the NFPM in the middle ear. In addition, considering the fact that the neck of the malleus is too close to the incus, it was extremely difficult to take out the NFPM without breaking the incus or damaging the joint of the malleus and incus. As a result, the handle of the malleus was chosen as the coupling site in our study, and our implantation test proved that the NFPM could be coupled to the handle of the malleus.