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Pefloxacin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
The in vitro activity of pefloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium xenopi, and Mycobacterium kansasii is inferior to that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (which are generally associated with MIC values ≤ 1.25 μg per ml), but is similar to the activity of enoxacin and norfloxacin (Alangaden and Lerner, 1997; Davies et al., 1987; Gorzynski et al., 1989; Texier-Maugein et al., 1987). Pefloxacin has bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium leprae (Fajardo et al., 2004).
Water-based disease and microbial growth *
Published in Jamie Bartram, Rachel Baum, Peter A. Coclanis, David M. Gute, David Kay, Stéphanie McFadyen, Katherine Pond, William Robertson, Michael J. Rouse, Routledge Handbook of Water and Health, 2015
Charles P. Gerba, Gordon L. Nichols
Mycobacterium xenopi is found in water and soil and can act as an opportunist pathogen. It can colonize piped water supplies, particularly warm water systems. People are probably quite commonly exposed to low numbers of this organism as a result of drinking, washing, showering and inhalation of natural aerosols. M. xenopi is a cause of pulmonary disease, particularly in people with underlying lung damage or immune deficiencies, although a substantial minority of cases occur in persons with no apparent underlying disorder. The organisms are of low virulence and although people are frequently infected, overt disease is uncommon except in the immunocompromised. M. xenopi infection can be falsely diagnosed because clinical specimens (e.g. sputum and urine) may become contaminated from water before or after specimen collection. Mycobacterium kansasii is a slow-growing respiratory pathogen that normally exists in water and may act as an opportunist pathogen. M. kansasii occurs most commonly in older men who have an underlying respiratory disease. The exact routes of transmission of this pathogen are unclear but appear to be from contaminated water including drinking water. It occurs in water distribution systems where it can survive within biofilms and it is relatively resistant to chlorine. Mycobacterium fortuitum is a rapid-growing mycobacteria that can colonize footbaths and infect the skin and nails of people using these, causing recurrent furunculosis (Pedley et al., 2004).
The role of amikacin in the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Jelmer Raaijmakers, Jodie Anne Schildkraut, Wouter Hoefsloot, Jakko van Ingen
We performed a literature search using the PubMed interface of the NCBI database. The search was first performed in November 2020 and repeated in April 2021. We used the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms ‘Nontuberculous Mycobacteria,’ ‘mycobacterium infections’ and ‘Amikacin’ and added the following title/abstract terms: ‘Nontuberculous mycobacterium’ OR ‘Nontuberculous mycobacteria’ OR ‘NTM’ OR ‘mycobacterium avium’ OR ‘mycobacterium haemophilum’ ‘mycobacterium phlei’ OR ‘mycobacterium abscessus’ OR ‘mycobacterium chelonae’ OR ‘mycobacterium fortuitum’ OR ‘mycobacterium kansasii’ OR ‘mycobacterium marinum’ OR ‘mycobacterium scrofulaceum’ OR ‘mycobacterium smegmatis’ OR ‘mycobacterium xenopi’ OR ‘Amikacin’ to the search to accommodate for all articles regarding NTM infections combined with amikacin. The search excluded ‘review’ and ‘case report’ papers. We restricted our search to English-language papers; no time restriction was added to the search strategy.
Rare case of Mycobacterium nebraskense presenting as asymptomatic cavitary lung lesion
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2018
Omar Abdulfattah, Antony Lixon, Saroj Kandel, Ebad Ur Rahman, Sasmit Roy, Sumit Dahal, Zainab Alnafoosi, Frances Schmidt
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species are generally free-living organisms and are normally found in soil and water. More than 140 species of NTM have been identified. They continue to emerge as a major cause of opportunistic infection. They can cause a variety of manifestations. The lungs are the most commonly involved sites, and they cause different pulmonary manifestations especially in the elderly with or without underlying lung disease [1,2]. Some of the common NTM to cause lung disease are Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium malmoense, and Mycobacterium xenopi [1–3].