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Fatal Pressure Over Neck by Hanging
Published in Sudhir K. Gupta, Forensic Pathology of Asphyxial Deaths, 2022
The cause of death was opined as asphyxia due to ante-mortem hanging, and postmortem interval was given as 24 hours. Viscera analysis revealed no poison; the opinion on the wound on the left jaw seen in the photograph of the deceased was of an old burn wound from hot liquid and on the left cheek of the face was of acne vulgaris (Figure 4.39).
Crime Scene Investigation
Published in Burkhard Madea, Asphyxiation, Suffocation,and Neck Pressure Deaths, 2020
Guy N. Rutty, Frances E. Hollingbury
Initial examination of the body should include identifying the presence of hypostasis and rigor mortis, recording body temperatures and assessing the stage of putrefaction. By using simple generic calculations, such as the Rule of Thumb, a pathologist may be able to provide an early rough estimate of the postmortem interval. This can give the police a starting point and initial time frames in which to search for CCTV or automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) records and target witness accounts regarding the movement of vehicles and people. However, it is extremely important to make it explicitly clear to the police that any scene-based estimation of postmortem interval is no more than that and that investigations outside any estimated time frame must not be overlooked or discounted at this stage.
The appearance of the body after death
Published in Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones, Simpson's Forensic Medicine, 2019
Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones
Opinions on the post mortem interval (PMI) are frequently sought from forensic practitioners. For a forensic pathologist an estimation of PMI is based on the pathological findings. While none of the changes after death is capable of providing a precise ‘marker’ of PMI, the most reliable would appear to be related to the cooling of the body after death, where appropriate measurements have been recorded.
Early loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells in human and a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Neurological Research, 2021
Kiran Chaudhari, Linshu Wang, Jonas Kruse, Ali Winters, Nathalie Sumien, Ritu Shetty, Jude Prah, Ran Liu, Jiong Shi, Michael Forster, Shao-Hua Yang
Postmortem human cerebellar cortex was obtained from the Banner Sun Health Research Institute Brain and Body Donation Program (BBDP) [21]. The BBDP has obtained the Institutional Review Board’s approval for these and all other aspects of the Program, including the informed consent and protocol. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (or guardians of subjects) participating in the study (consent for research). The median post-mortem interval, defined as the time elapsing between death and the start of organ removal, for all autopsied subjects, was 3.0 hours. All subjects were recruited from the Arizona Alzheimer’s Disease Center (ADC) Clinical Core. Clinical and neuropsychological assessments were performed annually according to the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center protocol. Subjects designated as ‘cognitively normal’ (CN) have no cognitively based limitations in daily living activities and a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0. The diagnosis of MCI was given according to published consensus criteria and a CDR of 0.5. A diagnosis of probable AD by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) criteria was given to subjects with a CDR score of ≥1.0 and a neuropsychological profile showing disproportionately severe impairment of learning and delayed recall. The cerebellar specimen from six subjects per group for CN, MCI, and AD was used for this experiment.
An overview of lipidomics utilizing cadaver derived biological samples
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2021
Luheng Lyu, Neel Sonik, Sanjoy Bhattacharya
Forensic lipidomics and Postmortomics: The establishment of a timeline is extremely important in the solving of fatal crimes. The current method to calculate Postmortem Interval (PMI) has significant shortfalls as it relies heavily on the experience and the opinion of the investigator, often rendering this metric as subjective and unreliable. Similar to the use of lipidomics for anthropogenic studies, lipidomics are a powerful addition to the arsenal of investigative and corroborative tools in the repertoire of modalities used for the collection of forensic evidence. This is also relevant for holistic postmortem ‘Omics’ or ‘multi-omics’ studies. Of course, since they utilize cadaveric tissues, all the questions raised above regarding error in the data (Figure 1) are relevant for these studies as well. It is imperative to find biomarkers that provide better, more accurate estimates of the time of death in an objective manner [49].
SMAD4 protein is decreased in the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices in schizophrenia
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2021
Andrew S. Gibbons, Daniel Hoyer, Brian Dean
All human tissue was sourced through the Victorian Brain Bank Network, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health. Approval for the study was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine. For each subject, a case history review was completed using the Diagnostic Instrument for Brain Studies (DIBS) (Hill et al. 1996; Roberts et al. 1998) and a consensus diagnosis reached by two psychiatrists and a psychologist. To reduce the impact of autolysis, cadavers were refrigerated within 5 h and the brains were frozen to −70 °C within 30 min of autopsy (Ferrer et al. 2007). Post-mortem interval (PMI) was calculated from the time death to that of autopsy. Where death was not witnessed, time of death was taken as the midpoint between the subject being found and being last seen alive. Subjects, who were found dead more than 5 h since being witnessed alive, were excluded from the study. The pH of the CNS was measured as described previously (Kingsbury et al. 1995). Duration of illness (DOI) was taken as the time from first presentation with psychiatric symptoms to the time of death. The final recorded antipsychotic drug doses (FRADD) were recorded and standardised to chlorpromazine equivalents.