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Urinary Tract Infections, Genital Ulcers and Syphilis
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Orchitis can occur with epididymitis as a result of bacteria/STIs. It can occur with mumps virus or coxsackie B. In mumps, it occurs 4–6 days after parotitis; three-quarters of cases are unilateral. Prescribe analgesia, ice and scrotal elevation. If the patient is younger than 35 years or sexually active, cover for STIs; an example of antibiotic regimen is a stat dose of 500 mg ceftriaxone intramuscularly plus doxycycline 100 mg orally twice daily for 10 days. If the patient is older than 35 years and/or has a low risk of STIs, prescribe 500 mg levofloxacin orally for 10 days, 500 mg ciprofloxacin twice daily for 10 days or co-trimoxazole for 10 days. If suspicion of testicular torsion, which is a surgical emergency, refer to hospital.
Testicular torsion
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
This rarely occurs before puberty, is usually bilateral, and tends to appear 3−7 days after the onset of parotitis. Elevated salivary amylase can be confirmatory for parotid involvement and real-time polymerase chain reaction is available in some centers.
The salivary glands
Published in Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa, Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Treatment of suppurative parotitis includes hydration and intravenous antibiotics. Antibiotic regimens for adults include flucloxacillin 2 g IV 6-hourly de-escalated, in an oral step-down regime if clinical improvement is made to oral dicloxacillin 500 mg 6-hourly. Oral clindamycin or IV lincomycin can also be used. Duration of therapy depends on the host immune status, severity and extent of infection and response to therapy.
Bell’s palsy with abnormal findings in the ipsilateral parotid gland
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2023
Takaaki Hijioka, Yoshihiro Aoki, Hideaki Moteki, Naoto Mizushiro
The patient was provisionally diagnosed with BP based on the House-Brackmann scale of grade IV [2]. Accordingly, prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day), valacyclovir (75 mg/kg/day), and vitamin B12 (75 μg/kg/day) were administered. Prednisolone was tapered from day 10 and oral administration was completed on day 14. Although the patient did not complain of any pain due to a parotid gland abnormality, recurrent parotitis was suspected based on imaging findings. Two months later, the facial paralysis improved; however, five months after the onset, the abnormal ultrasonographic and MRI findings in the left parotid gland remained unchanged. We did not perform further investigations, such as parotid gland biopsy, because the patient became completely asymptomatic, and the parotid swelling did not worsen. His family agreed to our decision, and we instructed the patient to visit our hospital if there was any change in condition. After more than 2 years, the patient had not developed any recurrent symptoms requiring further evaluation, which was confirmed by a telephone interview follow-up.
Universities’ experience with mumps outbreak response and use of a third dose of MMR vaccine
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2021
Mariel Marlow, Susan Even, Mary Theresa Hoban, Kelly Moore, Manisha Patel, Mona Marin
Mumps is an acute illness caused by a paramyxovirus that is transmitted through direct contact with respiratory droplets or saliva from an infected person. Transmission usually occurs as a result of close contact with a mumps patient, such as sharing saliva-contaminated objects, like cups or water bottles, or prolonged contact, like sports practices or frequent socializing. The disease typically presents as parotitis or other salivary gland swelling, but might also cause more severe complications, including orchitis or oophoritis, pancreatitis, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and hearing loss.1 In the United States, the implementation of a 1-dose mumps vaccine policy in 1977 and a 2-dose measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine policy in 1989 led to approximately a 99% decrease in the number of mumps cases.2
The correlation of immunologic derangement and juvenile recurrent parotitis: an investigation of the laboratory immunological observation
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2018
Shufeng Wu, Huan Shi, Ningning Cao, Lei Ye, Chuangqi Yu, Lingyan Zheng
Between December 2014 and October 2017, 100 children with recurrent episodes of bilateral or unilateral painful swelling below the ears were treated at the Department of Oral Surgery of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital in China. All patients had experienced at least two or three episodes of parotid swelling, and the mean duration was at least 4 days per episode. The patients underwent a complete ENT clinical examination, including inspection and palpation of oral floor and major salivary glands and high-resolution US and Doppler US assessments. Laboratory investigations were determined during the intermission of JRP. Further investigations included cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and sialography. Subsequently, the type and duration of symptoms, clinical findings, imaging methods, given treatments, history of previous episodes of parotitis and family history of parotitis were recorded.