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Vascular Trauma
Published in James Michael Forsyth, How to Be a Safe Consultant Vascular Surgeon from Day One, 2023
The patient does go for a CT scan. The neck and abdomen are just superficial soft tissue injuries. The right chest shows that he has a moderate haemopneumothorax, but there is no active contrast extravasation. The chest drain is in the right place, and now it is swinging and bubbling and blood is collecting (you measure about 250 ml of blood in the drain and it is not filling very quickly).
Paediatric Mild Head Injury
Published in Kajal Jain, Nidhi Bhatia, Acute Trauma Care in Developing Countries, 2023
Apinderpreet Singh, Chandrasekhar Gendle, Sushant K Sahoo
If more than one of the aforementioned factors are present, a CT scan within the first hour of admission is required. If any of the factors is present alone, we can observe the patient clinically and perform a CT scan only in case of additional findings, as listed earlier.
Medical Imaging in Healthcare Applications
Published in Rohit Raja, Sandeep Kumar, Shilpa Rani, K. Ramya Laxmi, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in 2D/3D Medical Image Processing, 2020
Medical image processing is an important tool for diagnosis and prognosis of disease. However, with the increased volume of digital data, the demand for accuracy and efficiency in medical image processing techniques is also increasing. With the help of medical imaging and recent advancements in artificial intelligence, researchers are able to develop a Computer Aided Diagnostic system (CAD) for the characterization of the diseases. With the advent of the latest and most advanced image technologies, physicians are now able to visualize the hidden details in medical images. Thus, computer aids are not only required but have become indispensable in the physician’s diagnostic process. Computerized systems can be employed to assist physicians in the diagnosis of diseases at early stages and hence reduce the dependency on invasive methods for the purpose of diagnosis [1, 2]. However, there are many disadvantages that are associated with CT and MRI. CT scan is best for bone injuries, chest related diseases and the detection of tumors in the abdomen. On the other hand, MRI is suitable for examining soft tissues and brain tumors. The CT scan takes approximately 5 minutes, but MRIs can takes up to 30 minutes. In the case of CT, there is a risk of exposure to radiation, but MRI does not use ionized radiations. CT scan does not cause claustrophobia, but MRI often does. Moreover, CT scan is cheaper in cost compared to the MRI. These advantages make the CT scan an attractive candidate for imaging the abdomen for the diagnosis of disease.
Development of a navigable 3D virtual model of temporal bone anatomy
Published in Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 2023
A CT or CAT (Computer Axial Tomography) scan, is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging test which uses modified x-ray technology to generate cross-sectional images of the body or a body part from different positions. It involves selective exposure of the patient to radiation. This data is then used to create detailed images of internal organs, bones, soft tissues, and blood vessels. CT scans help identify any tumours, blood clots, fractures, or other abnormalities that are indicative of trauma or any underlying pathology. A narrow X-ray beam circles around and selectively penetrates the part of the body being inspected. Instead of a film, the X-rays are picked up by special detectors, that are located directly opposite to the x-ray source, and transmitted to a computer (Brennan 2010). The computer uses sophisticated mathematical algorithms to assemble 2D cross-sectional images or slices. Recent growth in software technology has enabled us to easily construct 3D volumes from 2D CT images. 3D CT allows simultaneous navigation in all three planes, thereby providing greater flexibility than conventional planar X-rays (Fatterpekar et al. 2006). It is currently used in areas such as trauma, tumours, and craniofacial deformities, to simulate the morphology of body parts.
Adhesive small bowel obstruction in elderly patients: a single-center analysis of treatment strategies and clinical outcomes
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021
Giuseppe Quero, Marcello Covino, Vito Laterza, Claudio Fiorillo, Fausto Rosa, Roberta Menghi, Pietro Fransvea, Valerio Cozza, Gabriele Sganga, Francesco Franceschi, Sergio Alfieri
In accordance with the Bologna guidelines 2013 and 2017 [5,18], the non-operative management (NOM) was always the first treatment option, except in the case of peritonitis, bowel ischemia and/or strangulation. The NOM itself consisted in nil per os and naso-gastic tube positioning for decompression. Additionally, patients underwent fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, and evaluation and correction of electrolyte impairment when present. Radiological follow up was performed 24 h after admission with the execution of a plain X-ray and evaluation of the progression of the water-soluble contrast administered for the CT scan. Although evidences on the optimal duration of NOM are not currently present in the literature, a period of 72 h is generally considered as cut-off time before defining NOM failure [5]. This same cut-off was used in our study population to indicate the failure of the conservative treatment.
The utility of routine post-hospitalization CT imaging in patients with non-operative mild to moderate traumatic brain injury
Published in Brain Injury, 2021
Saeed S. Sadrameli, Vitaliy Davidov, Suraj Sulhan, Sasha Vaziri, Cory J. Hartman, Kristopher G. Hooten, Gregory J.A. Murad
TBI continues to be a major public health issue and a socioeconomic problem, accounting for 1.4 million annual hospitalizations in the United States (18). Management of patients with TBI not requiring emergent surgical intervention focuses on stabilizing patients and preventing further neurologic injury. While CT scans have been the imaging modality of choice in the management of traumatic brain injury, they expose patients to a non-trivial amount of radiation, which is associated with increased risk of cancer (19). Moreover, they impose a significant financial burden on our healthcare system. Using our institution as an example, a head CT scan with radiology department overhead cost 947 USD. This motivated investigators to revisit the utility of repeat CT scans in the management of patients with TBI.