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Fungal Lipids
Published in Rajendra Prasad, Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, Lipids of Pathogenic Fungi, 2017
Matsubara and co-workers attempted to use cerebrosides for diagnosis of candidiasis. They isolated from the dimorphic human pathogen, C. albicans, a cerebroside consisting of glucose linked in β-configuration to a ceramide, the predominant long-chain base of which was identified as 9-methyl-C18-sphinga-4,8-dienene, with the main fatty acid 2-hydroxystearic acid (62%).118 This compound which is widely distributed in fungi has been reported to be similar in structure and fungal fruiting-inducing activity to cerebrosides in Schizophyllum commune, Penicillium funiculosum and F. amygdali and several edible fungi, e.g., Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes. Some cerebrosides produced by the species of Lentinus stimulate fruiting of other Hymenomycetes such as S. commune.119 A glyco-sphingolipid from the smut fungus U. violacea, which infects Silene dioica and produces black smut spores in place of pollen in the anthers of stamens, was identified as a host-specific recognition factor.120
Antifungal Activity of Seaweeds and their Extracts
Published in Leonel Pereira, Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses of Algae, 2018
In Pakistan, Khanzada et al. (2007) screened various fractions of ethanolic extract of Solieria robusta for antifungal activity against five fruit spoiling fungi (Aspergillusflavus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, Penicillium funiculosum, and Phytophthora infestans) isolated from fruits, and reported that all fractions were able to inhibit fungal growth. All five fractions of ethanolic extract of S. robusta showed activity against fruit spoiling fungi. The quantum of activity exhibited in the fractions of seaweed varied from mild in ethanol to significant activity in aqueous fractions. Aqueous fraction inhibited 99% growth of A. niger with 20 mg mL−1 concentration. Activity continued to the lower concentration of 0.02 mg mL−1. Antifungal activity of aqueous fraction was the highest, whereas methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform fractions showed moderate inhibitions with 20 mg mL−1 concentration. All the test fungi, more or less, were inhibited by all fractions of S. robusta extract. It was observed that the aqueous fraction retained the highest inhibition ratios at the lower concentrations. During the bioassays of minimum concentration (0.02 mg mL−1), a significant inhibition of A. niger (89%), P. infestans (10%), and P. funiculosum (9%) was observed in aqueous fraction. At the minimal concentration (0.02 mg mL−1) 18%, 14%, 10%, and 6% inhibition of P. infestans was observed in chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol fractions, respectively. While the ethanol fraction was the only fraction it could not inhibit the growth of P. infestans, the methanol fraction (1%) inhibited P. funiculosum. Inhibition ratios increased at lower concentrations of ethyl acetate fraction against P. funiculosum and at higher concentrations inhibition ratio decreased. Aqueous fraction was the dominant and the most active fraction of the ethanolic extract of seaweed with antifungal activity against all test fungi (Khanzada et al. 2007).
Halogenated boroxine dipotassium trioxohydroxytetrafluorotriborate K2[B3O3F4OH] inhibits emerging multidrug-resistant and β-lactamase-producing opportunistic pathogens
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Ana Maravić, Tomislav Rončević, Lucija Krce, Nada Ilić, Borivoj Galić, Vedrana Čulić Čikeš, Ivana Carev
The microorganisms tested in this study included twenty strains of clinical (c.i.) and environmental isolates (e.i.), stored at the Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Croatia (FSST), as well as strains from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (USA). The collection included six Gram-positive bacterial species (Streptococcus agalactiae FSST-28 c.i., Staphylococcus epidermidis FSST-26 e.i., Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, methicillin-resistant S. aureus MRSA-1 c.i., Bacillus cereus FSST-22 e.i., Enterococcus faecalis FSST-23 e.i.,and Clostridium perfringens FSST-24 e.i.; four Gram-negative bacterial species: Salmonella Typhimurium FSST-31 c.i., E. coli ATCC 25922 and extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing multiple-resistant FSST-07 e.i., Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and ESBL-producing multiple-resistant FSST-02 e.i., Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing multiple-resistant FSST-21 c.i., and Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 and MBL-producing multiple-resistant FSST-20 c.i. The opportunistic pathogenic fungi, the molds Penicillium funiculosum FSST-35 e.i. and Aspergillus niger FSST-37 e.i., as well as the yeasts Candida albicans FSST-29 e.i. and Rhodotorula rubra FSST-39 e.i. were tested to assess the antifungal activity.