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Plant Disease Detection Using Imaging Sensors, Deep Learning and Machine Learning for Smart Farming
Published in Punit Gupta, Dinesh Kumar Saini, Rohit Verma, Healthcare Solutions Using Machine Learning and Informatics, 2023
Chanchal Upadhyay, Hemant K Upadhyay, Sapna Juneja, Abhinav Juneja
Infrared thermography (IRT) analyzes the temperature of plants and relates it to the state of the plant water. The miniclimate in the crop (Lenthe et al., 2007) and modified transpiration because of early infection by plant pathogens (Oerke et al., 2006) are detected. Infrared radiation may be investigated by thermographic cameras. In plant study, IRT is utilized on a variety of spatial scales and in a variety of applications, but it is dependent on climate factors.
Secondary Metabolites from Lichen Genus (Ramalina Ach.): Applications and Biological Activities
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Assessment of Medicinal Plants for Human Health, 2020
T. R. Prashith-Kekuda, K. S. Vinayaka
Devi et al.22 showed antifungal potential of R. conduplicans against some plant pathogens. Chloroform and methanol extracts of R. canariensis and R. chondrina exhibited inhibitory activity against Candida albicans88 Ganesan et al.31 showed antifungal potential of R. inflata against yeasts and molds. Ethyl acetate extract of R. farinacea caused inhibition of two phytopathogenic fungi, viz., F. oxysporum and F. solani.90 The study carried out by Ristić et al.84 found the antifungal activity of R. fastigiata and R. fraxinea against C. albicans and a panel of molds. Methanol extracts of R. hossei, R. conduplicans, and R. pacifica were shown to inhibit the mycelial growth of seed-borne fungi, viz., Alternaria sp., Curvularia sp., and Fusarium sp.1Table 13.4 indicates antifungal potential of some biocompounds isolated from Ramalina species.
Biotransformation of Sesquiterpenoids, Ionones, Damascones, Adamantanes, and Aromatic Compounds by Green Algae, Fungi, and Mammals
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Yoshinori Asakawa, Yoshiaki Noma
Patchouli alcohol (425) with fungi static properties is one of the important essential oils in perfumery industry. Rabbits and dogs gave two oxidative products (500, 501) and one norpatchoulen-1-one (502) possessing a characteristic odor. Plant pathogen B. cinerea causes many diseases for vegetables and flowers. This pathogen gave totally different five metabolites (426–430) from those found in the urine metabolites of mammals as described earlier (Bang et al., 1975) (Figure 23.150).
Mechanisms of nanotoxicity – biomolecule coronas protect pathological fungi against nanoparticle-based eradication
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2020
Roland H. Stauber, Dana Westmeier, Madita Wandrey, Sven Becker, Dominic Docter, Guo-Bin Ding, Eckhard Thines, Shirley K. Knauer, Svenja Siemer
Furthermore, surprisingly little is known on the crosstalk of NMs with socio-economical highly relevant pests, including viruses, bacteria, or the plethora of (pathogenic) fungi. Besides being crucial to maintaining ecological homeostasis, fungi are associated with a wide spectrum of diseases, highly relevant not only for humans or animals but also for agriculture (Erwig and Gow 2016; Romani 2011; Dean et al. 2012; Westmeier, Solouk-Saram, et al. 2018; Aimanianda et al. 2009). Here, the decay of fruits and vegetables causes major economic losses (Dean et al. 2012). Using chemical fungicides is still the main method for controlling postharvest decay and diseases to date (Dean et al. 2012). However, due to increasing public concern on environmental pollution and food safety by fungicide residues, there is a demand to develop new strategies as alternatives to manage postharvest decay. Among the top ten fungal plant pathogens, Botrytis cinerea is ranked second, by causing gray mold in more than 200 host plant species and is especially destructive to fruits and vegetables (Dean et al. 2012). Infection is initiated by airborne conidia and also fungicide-resistant strains frequently emerge. Likewise, Penicillium expansum causes blue mold rot, a prevalent postharvest disease of many fruits (Dean et al. 2012).
Proteomic interrogation of antibiotic resistance and persistence in Escherichia coli – progress and potential for medical research
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2020
Danfeng Zhang, Yuanqing Hu, Qiuqiang Zhu, Jiafu Huang, Yiyun Chen
Persistence in biofilms is a severe threat given the relevance of pathogenic biofilms to development of high levels of tolerance to multiple antibiotics and their role in chronic infections. Zinc acetate, an SOS inhibitor, boosts the activity of fluoroquinolones against E.coli persisters in starved biofilms, particularly that of to sufloxacin [141]. Some metabolites derived from plant pathogens and plants can also inhibit biofilms formation. Indole-3-acetaldehyde from Rhodococcus sp. BFI 332 could decrease E.coli O157:H7 biofilm formation without affecting the growth of planktonic E.coli O157:H7 cells [142]. Similarly, four essential oils including rose, geranium, lavender, and rosemary oil can diminish the efficacy of QS to decrease biofilm formation in E.coli ATTC 31298. Overall, inhibitors of biofilms could be utilized as strategies against persisters present in biofilms.
Highlights of the mini-symposium on extracellular vesicles in inter-organismal communication, held in Munich, Germany, August 2018
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2019
E. Bielska, P.R.J. Birch, A.H. Buck, C. Abreu-Goodger, R.W. Innes, H. Jin, M.W. Pfaffl, S. Robatzek, N. Regev-Rudzki, C. Tisserant, S. Wang, A. Weiberg
Filamentous plant pathogens include the fungi, described above, and oomycetes, which are related to diatoms and brown algae. Oomycetes, such as the infamous late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans [37], cause a wide range of devastating diseases of economic and environmental importance [38]. P. infestans secretes a range of virulence determinants called effectors that can act either outside (apoplastic) or within (cytoplasmic) the plant cell, several of which have been shown to suppress host immunity [39]. Amongst the cytoplasmic effectors are the RXLR class, so-called for the conserved amino acid motif Arg-any amino acid-Leu-Arg, which is required for these effectors to be translocated into plant cells [40]. Recently, delivery of two RXLR effectors has been visualized from finger-like infection structures called haustoria, which form intimate associations with plant cells, to their sites of action in host nuclei [41,42]. The precise means by which RXLR effectors are secreted from Phytophthora species is poorly understood [41].