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Candidiasis
Published in Rebecca A. Cox, Immunology of the Fungal Diseases, 2020
Judith E. Domer, Emily W. Carrow
In addition to the studies with CMCC patients, other investigators have attempted to correlate in vitro and in vivo responses to Candida antigens in normal subjects or patients with various disease states. Shannon et al.209 and Ferguson et al.208 found a possible correlation between cutaneous hypersensitivity and stimulation, as did Hassett et al.207 In contrast, Bice et al.226 found no correlation between cutaneous hypersensitivity and MIF, nor between MIF and lymphocyte stimulation, but they did find a highly significant correlation between cutaneous hypersensitivity and lymphocyte stimulation. Bice et al.,226 however, used two different antigen preparations for their in vivo and in vitro studies, so the lack of correlation between tests may have been antigen related. Shannon et al.209 found a positive correlation between cutaneous hypersensitivity and lymphocyte stimulation responses in patients with various diseases as well, e.g., patients with alymphocytic agammaglobulinemia were negative in both assays whereas patients with sex-linked congenital agammaglobulinemia were not, but Whiteside et al. ,231 studying patients with progressive systemic sclerosis, found a higher percentage of in vitro reactivity than in vivo response.
The kidneys
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Progressive systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease with renal involvement. The renal manifestations include acute renal failure (scleroderma renal crisis), often irreversible, with severe hypertension. The disease occurs in a patient with the otherwise typical features of systemic sclerosis.
Immunopathology
Published in Constantin A. Bona, Francisco A. Bonilla, Textbook of Immunology, 2019
Constantin A. Bona, Francisco A. Bonilla
Progressive systemic sclerosis, also called scleroderma, is a progressive fibrosis of connective tissue caused by over-production of several types of collagen. The process usually begins in the skin, but eventually affects other tissues. Death is often due to loss of renal, cardiac, or pulmonary function. A lymphocytic infiltrate often precedes the fibrotic changes in affected tissues. Some studies have implicated transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in the pathogenesis of scleroderma. TGF-β induces macrophages to produce platelet-derived growth factor, a potent fibroblast mitogen. TGF-β also increases transcription of collagen genes. Autoantibody specificities found in scleroderma include topoisomerase I, centromere, fibrillerin, RNA polymerases I and III and, occasionally, DNA. Interferon-γ down-regulates transcription of collagen genes and is being studied in clinical trials as a therapy for scleroderma.
Clinical characteristics of reflux esophagitis among patients with liver cirrhosis: a case-control study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Zijin Liu, Lin Wei, Huiguo Ding
Between January 2011 and August 2021, all consecutive LC patients who were admitted to Beijing You’an Hospital and underwent upper endoscopy were retrospectively recruited. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) clinically or pathologically diagnosed LC and (2) endoscopically diagnosed RE for the first time. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients with systemic diseases related to esophageal motor disorders and/or GERDs (progressive systemic sclerosis, neuromuscular disorders); (2) patients with 6 months of chronic drug use that influences esophageal motility (such as theophylline, nitrates and calcium channel blockers); (3) patients who had undergone liver transplantation; (4) patients who had received endoscopic treatment within 3 months before enrollment (to avoid misdiagnosis of an ulcer caused by endoscopic treatment and RE); (5) patients with a previous diagnosis of reflux disease or Barrett esophagus; and (6) patients with missing clinical data.
Immunopathogenesis and therapeutic potential of macrophage influx in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020
Ritu Kulshrestha, Himanshu Dhanda, Apoorva Pandey, Amit Singh, Raj Kumar
The CVD-ILDs include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA-ILD), progressive systemic sclerosis (SSc-ILD), dermatomyositis (DM)/polymyositis (PM), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), Sjögren syndrome (SS) and mixed connective-tissue disease (MCTD) [118]. These are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune disorders that are characterized by the presence of autoantibodies. The chronically produced autoantibodies involve different components of the respiratory system; airways, vessels, parenchyma, pleura, and respiratory muscle resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The injured pulmonary cells are cleared by recruited activated macrophages and NK cells. Wu et al., in 2019, proposed that initial rheumatic lung inflammation leads to NSIP-like pathology. This later transforms mesenchymal cells to derive chimeric disease, and development of frank UIP-like fibrosis in some RA patients [119]. CCL18, a marker of M2 macrophage polarization is associated with disease progression in patients with fibrosing ILDs associated with systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis [120,121].
The association of inflammatory markers and echocardiographic parameters in Behçet’s disease
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2020
Ali Nazmi Çalık, Kazım Serhan Özcan, Banu Mesci, Tufan Çınar, Yiğit Çanga, Barış Güngör, Mukaddes Kavala, Aytekin Oğuz, Osman Bolca, Ömer Kozan
The increased levels of PTX-3 have been reported in disorders of the immune system such as rheumatoid arthritis, progressive systemic sclerosis, Chug-Strauss syndrome, Wegener’s granulomatosis, and microscopic polyangiitis [9,36,37]. The PTX-3 level has been also examined in patients with BD. In a study including 42 BD patients, the authors reported that the patients with BD had a significantly higher PTX-3 level in comparison with healthy subjects [10]. A consistent finding was found in our cohort as BD patients had a significantly higher PTX-3 level compared to the control group. Additionally, we observed a positive correlation between PTX-3 level and the echocardiographic parameters of the left ventricular diastolic function and EMD such as the left atrial volume, the left atrial volume index, E/A ratio, E/E’ septal, IRight-EMD, PA’-ML, PA’-MS, and PA’-TL, respectively, in our cohort. Moreover, PTX-3 level was significantly associated with SI and Ep. As the inflammation may play an important role in the impairment of the left ventricular diastolic function and the elastic properties of aorta among BD patients, it can be said that our findings were reasonable and consistent with the current literature.