China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Gut Microbiota—Specific Food Design
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Santosh K. Mishra, Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in Food Design, 2022
Aparna V. Sudhakaran, Himanshi Solanki
In a recent study, it was reported that Lactobacillus acidophilus converts the plant glycosides to aglycones, which can be readily used by the host [69]. The specific microbial enzymes like esterase and glucosidase involve in the biotransformation of polyphenols [69]. The tea polyphenols have a positive impact on the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Entero- coccus genus like Akkermansia spp., Faecalibacterium spp., and Roseburia spp. [26, 52], whereas negative impact of Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Clostridium histolyticum that can be linked with its prebiotic effect [67]. The association of a consortium of microbes is integral for the entire metabolism of polyphenols in the gut.
Surgery of the Hand
Published in Timothy W R Briggs, Jonathan Miles, William Aston, Heledd Havard, Daud TS Chou, Operative Orthopaedics, 2020
Norbert Kang, Ben Miranda, Dariush Nikkhah
Collagenase is isolated from the gram-negative bacterium clostridium histolyticum and acts to lyse collagen (peptide bonds) resulting in disruption of Dupuytren's cords. After carefully following the manufacturer's reconstitution guidelines, a 26/27G hypodermic needle may be used to infiltrate the diseased cord percutaneously using a three-step approach (initial injection, just distal and just proximal). This is performed in an outpatient setting. Care must be taken not to infiltrate the underlying flexor tendon since this will then be at increased risk of rupture during subsequent passive manipulation. Passive manipulation of the finger is performed 24 hours later (also within an outpatient setting) by firmly and vigorously pushing the flexed digit into extension. If successful, a ‘carrot snap’ sound is heard as the enzymatically treated diseased cord ‘breaks suddenly’.
Exploring the Plant Kingdom for Sources of Skincare Cosmeceuticals
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
Mayuri Napagoda, Sanjeeva Witharana
The flowers of Tagetes erecta are traditionally used to treat skin diseases, such as sores, burns, wounds, ulcers, eczema, and several other skin ailments. Hyaluronidase, elastase, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1) inhibitory activity of this flower extract was investigated to determine its anti-wrinkle potential. The methanol extract showed significant hyaluronidase and elastase inhibition with IC50 of 11.70 g/mL and 4.13 g/mL, respectively, along with a moderate inhibition of MMP-1. Syringic acid and β-amyrin isolated from this extract were also capable of inhibiting the above enzymes, rationalizing the traditional uses of the plant (Maity et al. 2011). Furthermore, procyanidins extracted from Vitis vinifera, curcumin present in Curcuma longa, as well as phenolic compounds, such as epicatechin, resveratrol, galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin had also exhibited potential elastase inhibition (Maffei Facino et al. 1994, Chainani-Wu 2003, Hrenn et al. 2006, Kanashiro et al. 2007). Aloin (Figure 17.4) in Aloe vera plant inhibited Clostridium histolyticum collagenase reversibly and noncompetitively. Aloe gel and aloin were also proved to be effective inhibitors of stimulated granulocyte matrix metalloproteinases (Barrantes and Guinea 2003)
Future concepts and therapy approaches for Peyronie’s disease
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2020
Edward J. Choi, Douglas Schneider, Perry Xu, Farouk M. El-Khatib, Faysal A. Yafi
Amidst the diversity of therapy options, intralesional injections of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCh) is currently the only drug to be approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). While CCh has demonstrated good effect with minimal rates of complications, CCh remains ‘off-label’ for patients in the acute phase of PD or if they present with atypical features [21]. In November 2019, CCh was withdrawn from the European Union, extending its unavailability on the international markets including Australia, Asia, and Canada [22]. Without access to CCh, patients are now confronted with the difficult decision to pursue conservative alternatives with less than desirable approval ratings by the major governing urologic societies or undergo invasive operations [23]. In this review, we discuss the evidence on the expanded use of CCh for acute and atypical PD (Table 1) as well as novel, non-surgical treatment options that have been investigated since the FDA first approved of CCh (Table 2–3).
What role do pharmaceuticals play in the treatment of Peyronie’s disease and is there a need for new emerging drugs?
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2019
U Milenkovic, Mm Ilg, S Cellek, M Albersen
Peyronie’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the connective tissue sheath (tunica albuginea) surrounding the erectile tissue of the penis. Patients with this fibrotic disorder initially present to their health-care provider/urologist with a locally painful area of the penis during erection. After 12–24 months this progresses into a painless, but chronic and visible curvature of the penis. In turn, this can lead to coital failure (due to the curvature), erectile dysfunction and subsequent psychosocial issues. Currently, apart from surgery, the only non-surgical EMA/FDA-approved treatment option remains injection of Clostridium histolyticum collagenase into established chronic plaques. A recent systematic review has shown that there is insufficient evidence to recommend mechanotherapy or iontophoresis in the chronic phase of the disease [1]. Additionally, at this moment, there are no approved curative or preventive treatments in the initial, painful phase [1].
Glimpses into the molecular pathogenesis of Peyronie’s disease
Published in The Aging Male, 2020
Evert-Jan P. M. ten Dam, Mels F. van Driel, Igle Jan de Jong, Paul M. N. Werker, Ruud A. Bank
Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a benign fibroproliferative disorder in which scar tissue, called “plaque”, forms in the tunica albuginea of the penis. Bending and shortening eventually may lead to discomfort during penetration or even incapability of having sexual intercourse [1]. The prevalence varies from 0.4% to 8.9% and might be higher due to underreporting caused by embarrassment [2]. Treatment options depend on the phase of the disease. Nonsurgical treatment options vary from oral medication to intralesional injections with Clostridium Histolyticum collagenase [3–5], but up till now surgical management is the standard in patients with stable disease having serious difficulties with intercourse [6]. Little is known about the molecular pathogenesis of PD [7].