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Common rhinology and facial plastics viva topics
Published in Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, Advanced ENT Training, 2019
Bent and Kuhn criteria: Major: Type-1 hypersensitivityNasal polypsFungal stainingCT changesEosinophilic mucinMinor: AsthmaUnilateralSystemic eosinophiliaCharcot-Leyden crystalsFungal culture
Angiostrongylus
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Praphathip Eamsobhana, Hoi-Sen Yong
The larvae usually die shortly after reaching the meninges. Most of the parasites are commonly recovered from the subarachnoid space in autopsy cases. For most of the autopsied cases, the larvae could be seen in histological sections of the brain and spinal cord. They also could often be seen on the surface of the brain or spinal cord. At their death, a local inflammatory reaction ensues. It is manifested by the outpouring of eosinophils in the CSF, and sometimes Charcot-Leyden crystals. In addition, necrosis and granuloma occur around the dying worm [103]. In ocular manifestations, it could cause retinal detachment or intraocular hemorrhage including optic neuritis [83].
Fungal Infections
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Louise Jayne Clark, Adam J Donne, R James A England, Hisham M Mehanna, Gerald William McGarry, Sean Carrie, Basic Sciences Endocrine Surgery Rhinology, 2018
Emily Young, Yujay Ramakrishnan, Laura Jackson, Shahzada K. Ahmed
In AFRS, a Type I (and possibly Type III hypersensitivity reaction) to inhaled airborne fungi is believed to result in tissue inflammation, oedema and production of an ‘eosinophilic mucin’. This consists of eosinophilic inflammator cells and Charcot-Leyden crystals (breakdown of cells by eosinophilic enzymes).
Reduction/elimination of blood eosinophils in severe asthma: should there be a safety consideration?
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2022
Konstantinos Katsoulis, Maria Kipourou, Stelios Loukides
Two main types of granules lay next to the bilobed nucleus in the eosinophil cytoplasm: the primary and the secondary or specific granules [8] (Figure 2). Primary granules are filled with galectin-10, the protein responsible for the formation of Charcot-Leyden crystals [12]. The larger secondary granules are entitled to produce and store cationic proteins, chemokines, and cytokines [8,12], which can be immediately and selectively secreted by the uniquely operated the eosinophils mechanism of piecemeal degranulation [8]. Four major proteins, namely major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), with cytotoxic, neurotoxic, antimicrobial, and antiviral properties, are the components of the specific granule core and matrix [8,17]. These basic proteins contained in the eosinophil granules are the ones binding with the acidophilic stain eosin and giving the eosinophils their characteristic appearance under microscopic examination and subsequently their name.
Sex differences in the acute and subchronic lung inflammatory responses of mice to nickel nanoparticles
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2020
Dorothy J. You, Ho Young Lee, Alexia J. Taylor-Just, Keith E. Linder, James C. Bonner
We also observed crystal formations in the BALF of mice exposed to NiNPs in the subchronic exposure experiment. These crystals have been previously described as eosinophilic crystals in mice and resemble Charcot-Leyden crystals found in humans (Guo, Johnson, and Schuh 2000). The colorless crystals were termed ‘eosinophilic crystals,’ because the positive charge of the crystalline surface attracts eosin from the hematoxylin and eosin staining protocol (Guo, Johnson, and Schuh 2000). It has been reported that eosinophilic crystals are formed in the BALF of mice with severe pulmonary injury (Guo, Johnson, and Schuh 2000). We have previously observed similar crystals in the lungs of p53 heterozygous mice after chronic exposure multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Duke et al. 2018). However, a much more frequent number of crystals were found in the present study and only observed in male or female mice exposed to NiNPs. Another study reported that eosinophilic crystals in the lungs of aged 129S4/SvJae mice were a cause of mortality (Hoenerhoff, Starost, and Ward 2006). Therefore, repeated chronic exposures to NiNPs in humans could cause lung injury through crystal formation.
Two unusual cases of lacrimal sac inflammatory polyps with allergic mucin sine fungi
Published in Orbit, 2020
Imran Haq, Hardeep Singh Mudhar, Zanna Currie, Showkat Mirza, Sachin Salvi
The biopsy from the left and right sides showed chronically inflamed polypoid mucosal tissue fragments that were lined by ciliated epithelium, with a lower power appearance remarkably similar to typical inflammatory nasal polyps (Figure 3a,b). The epithelial basement membrane was thickened (Figure 3c). The stromal tissue was edematous and congested and infiltrated by chronic inflammatory cells inclusive of eosinophils (Figure 3d). Accompanying the tissue was layered mucin containing tiered colonies of dense eosinophils with Charcot–Leyden crystals (Figure 3e–h). No fungi were identified. The right lacrimal sac biopsy was identical to the left side except no mucin was present. The overall features were of bilateral inflammatory polyps and allergic mucin without fungi. IgG4 immunohistochemistry showed that 20% of the plasma cells were positive for IgG4 and there were, on average, less than 50 IgG4-positive plasma cells per high-power field (10 hotspot fields counted).