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Lab-on-a-Chip-Based Devices for Rapid and Accurate Measurement of Nanomaterial Toxicity
Published in Suresh C. Pillai, Yvonne Lang, Toxicity of Nanomaterials, 2019
Mehenur Sarwar, Amirali Nilchian, Chen-zhong Li
Giaever and Keese (1993) reported the first quantitative analytical measurement using cells’ electrical impedance to track morphological changes of cells in real-time. Soon after, the Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing System (ECIS) method became popular and widely approved by the scientific community, which triggered an unprecedented leap forward in the biosensing field.
Plant-Derived Edible Nanoparticles in Cancer Drug Delivery
Published in Hala Gali-Muhtasib, Racha Chouaib, Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment, 2020
Siavash Iravani, Ghazaleh Jamalipour Soufi
NPs were isolated from ginger (GDNP 2), and their lipids were reassembled. Consequently, these natural molecules were applied to prepare ginger-derived nano-lipids (as nanovectors). For targeted therapy of tumor tissues, nanoscientists altered these nanovectors with folic acid (FA) to prepare FA-modified nanovectors (FA nanovectors). FA demonstrated accelerated affinity binding to the folate receptors which were highly expressed on various tumors, and almost undetectable on non-tumor cells. The FA nanovectors were evaluated as delivery systems for doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic drug applied for treatment of colon cancers. It was found that doxorubicin was completely loaded into the FA nanovectors, and then, these nanovectors were efficiently taken up by colon cancer cells, showed great biocompatibility and successfully hindered tumor growth. Compared to commercially available approaches for doxorubicin delivery, the mentioned nanovectors release the drug more quickly in an acidic pH that resembles the tumor surroundings. It appears that this method might reduce the severe side effects of doxorubicin. It was reported that FA nanovectors made of edible ginger-derived lipids could shift the current paradigm of drug delivery away from artificially synthesized NPs toward the use of nature-derived nanovectors from edible plants. Moreover, researchers have shown that they are nontoxic and can be produced on a large scale; FA nanovectors derived from edible plants could represent one of the safest targeted therapeutic delivery platforms [34]. Zhang et al. [34] reported a nanovector made from ginger-derived lipids which could serve as a delivery platform for the therapeutic agent doxorubicin to treat colon cancer. Consequently, viability and apoptosis assays and electric cell-substrate impedance-sensing technology revealed that ginger-derived nanovectors exhibited excellent biocompatibility; by contrast, cationic liposomes at the same concentrations decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. These nanovectors were capable of loading doxorubicin with high efficiency and showed a better pH-dependent drug-release profile than commercially available liposomal-doxorubicin. Modified GDNVs conjugated with the targeting ligand folic acid mediated the targeted delivery of doxorubicin to Colon-26 tumors in vivo and enhanced the chemotherapeutic inhibition of tumor growth compared with free drug [34]. Findings from these investigations showed that PDENs can be good candidates for the delivery of anti-cancer drugs (summarized in Table 8.1).
Characterization of cell-cell junction changes associated with the formation of a strong endothelial barrier
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2018
MaryPeace McRae, Lindsay M. LaFratta, Benjamin M. Nguyen, Jason J. Paris, Kurt F. Hauser, Daniel E. Conway
Transendothelial Resistance. Transendothelial resistance (TEER) of HUVEC monolayers was measured in real time using the ECIS system (1600R; Applied BioPhysics, Troy, NY). The Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) system provides real-time monitoring of TEER changes. In brief, HUVECs (9000 cells/well) were seeded and grown to confluence on gelatin-coated arrays (96W10idf). After the cells reached confluence (typically 24-48 h), the medium was changed to include the treatments. To assess the effects of supplements on TEER, treatment groups were as follows; 1) standard HUVEC media, 2) standard media supplemented with cAMP-enhancing agents [8-CPT-cAMP (250 μM) and Ro-20-1724 (17.5 μM)], 3) ACM, or 4) ACM plus cAMP-enhancing agents. Measurements were recorded in real time at 4000 Hz and data were normalized to baseline measurements just prior to the onset of treatment (t = 0). The baseline TEER readings for confluent HUVEC cells were between 600 and 1200 Ω.
Novel regulators of airway epithelial barrier function during inflammation: potential targets for drug repurposing
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2022
Ahsan Anjoom Sunil, Tom Skaria
In vitro studies have shown that coating the culture vessel surface with collagen, the major component of the airway epithelial basement membrane and extracellular matrix, promotes the barrier formation of primary, human airway epithelial cells. Therefore, whether the differentially regulated expression of collagen and other human airway epithelial basement membrane proteins, caused by inflammatory mediators, affect the airway epithelial barrier function remains unknown and should be the focus of future studies. Fully quantitative, electric cell-substrate impedance sensing technique could be utilized to trace the real-time changes in barrier function caused by alterations in basement membrane components in vitro.
Impaired CXCL12 signaling contributes to resistance of pancreatic cancer subpopulations to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Published in OncoImmunology, 2022
Yuan-Na Lin, Marcel O. Schmidt, Ghada M. Sharif, Eveline E. Vietsch, Amber J. Kiliti, Megan E. Barefoot, Anna T. Riegel, Anton Wellstein
To monitor cancer cell proliferation in 2D, an electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) system was used, in which cells were seeded in a 96-well format plate of an E-plate 33 instrument from xCELLigence.23,24 The cells were grown for in average 48 h (10.000 cells per well) until a complete monolayer was formed with a steady-state impedance reading. Changes in the electric impedance of the monolayer were measured at 15-min intervals as real-time readout, until total closure of the wound. Data analysis was performed using simple linear regression analysis in Prism 9.0 to determine the slope of cell index/hours within the proliferation phase.23