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The Chemistry and Biology of Lipooligosaccharides: The Endotoxins of Bacteria of the Respiratory and Genital Mucosae
Published in Helmut Brade, Steven M. Opal, Stefanie N. Vogel, David C. Morrison, Endotoxin in Health and Disease, 2020
J. McLeod Griffiss, Herman Schneider
Neisseria meningitidis sialylate (19,24), but do not galactosaminylate (25), LNnT structures. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria lactamica cannot make sialic acid (26), but all three Neisseria and many H aemophilus species can transfer sialic acid during infection from exogenous sources to their paraglobosyl LOS (18,19,27–29).
Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Alasdair M. Geddes, Ian M. Gould, Jason A. Roberts, Jason A. Trubiano, M. Lindsay Grayson
Neisseria lactamica is a rare cause of meningitis, usually in children, but one adult developed this following skull trauma. Pen G is the best treatment (Denning and Gill, 1991). Neisseria sicca is a rare cause of endocarditis; Pen G is the best treatment (Heiddal et al., 1993).
Chlamydia trachomatis vaccines for genital infections: where are we and how far is there to go?
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2021
Luis M. de la Maza, Toni L Darville, Sukumar Pal
Several delivery systems, including DNA plasmids, poliovirus, adenovirus, hepatitis B virus, HPV, influenza virus, modified vaccinia Ankara, Vibrio cholera ghosts, Lactobacillus plantarum, Neisseria lactamica porB, vaults, exosomes, hexosomes, nanoparticles and edible plants have been used to vaccinate mice with various chlamydial antigens [40,101,171–182]. For example, Kuczhowska et al. [180] fused the H2 antigen, that consists of the MOMP VD4 from serovars D, E, F and G, to a lipoprotein anchor termed Lp_1261 to direct the antigen to the surface of L. plantarum, a lactic producing bacteria that has extensively been used in animal studies as a carrier of prophylactic and therapeutic molecules. Mice were first immunized subcutaneously with the H2 antigen, using CAF01 as the adjuvant, and were then boosted intranasally with the Lp_H2 construct. Control groups were immunized only subcutaneously with H2-CAF01 or intranasally only with Lp_H2. Only the group of mice that was boosted intranasally with the Lp_H2 construct showed significant increases in IFN-γ secretion in splenocytes stimulated with the H2 antigen. Importantly, levels of specific H2 vaginal IgA antibodies where only found in mice immunized with H2-CAF01 and boosted with Lp_H2. These findings demonstrated the importance of vaccinating by a mucosal route in order to obtain robust responses in the genital tract.