China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
An Overview of Parasite Diversity
Published in Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin, Parasitology, 2023
Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin
Stramenopiles are part of the SAR (Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria) lineage shown in Figure 2.7. Stramenopiles are also called heterokonts because in many, their motile stages produce flagella of two different shapes. Members of this group, dominated by diatoms, golden algae and brown algae, are largely free-living, but some parasitic lineages occur, most prominent among them the water molds or oomycetes (see also Figure 2.33), including the notorious Phytophthora infestans, cause of the blight responsible for the infamous Irish potato famine. Members of the oomycete genus Pythium frequently cause serious plant diseases and at least one species, P. insidiosum, can infect dogs, domestic animals and people.
Fenugreek in Management of Immunological, Infectious, and Malignant Disorders
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
Rohini Pujari, Prasad Thakurdesai
The initial evidence shows antifungal effects of aqueous extracts of various plant parts of fenugreek (3%) and methanolic fractions of the aerial parts against pathogenic mycelial fungi (Haouala et al. 2008). In this study, Rhizoctinia solani, Fusarium graminearum, and Alternaria sp. were the most sensitive species, and Pythium aphanidermatum was most resistant to fenugreek (Haouala et al. 2008). Subsequently, the antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of fenugreek seeds (against Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton rubrum, and Candida albicans) (Alluri and Majumdar 2014) and leaves (against Trichoderma viridae) was reported (Dharajiya et al. 2016). Furthermore, ethyl acetate extract of fenugreek leaves (6.25 mg/ml) also showed potent antifungal properties against T. viridae (Dharajiya et al. 2016). Recently, the petroleum ether, aqueous, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of fenugreek seed powder reported potent antifungal activity at 25, 50, and 100 μml against Microsporum gypseum (Sudan, Goswami, and Singh 2020). In addition, a defensin-like antifungal peptide (Tf-AFP) isolated from fenugreek seed, was reported to inhibit the growth of fungal species such as Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium oxysporum during in vitro testing (Oddepally and Guruprasad 2015).
Marine Fungi-Derived Secondary Metabolites: Potential as Future Drugs for Health Care
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Syed Shams Ul Hassan, Hui-Zi Jin, Abdur Rauf, Saud Bawazeer, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
The cladomarine (image 105 in Figure 8.9) was isolated from the marine fungus Penicillium coralligerum that was obtained from sea cucumber in Sao Pao Plateau, Brazil. It was evaluated for its anti-parasitic activity. It displayed potent activity against Saprolegnia parasitica with an MIC value of 64 µg/ml–1. The compound also exhibited moderate anti-oomycete activity against Pythium sp. [55].
Unusual Presentation of Pythium Keratitis as Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis: Clinical Dilemma
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Anahita Kate, Bhupesh Bagga, Lalit K. Ahirwar, Dilip K. Mishra, Savitri Sharma
After 1 week of instituting anti-Pythium therapy, topical corticosteroids (1% prednisolone acetate) were started four times per day. However, despite being on corticosteroids, the anterior chamber reaction increased over the next week. B scan ultrasonography also revealed increasing echoes. Based on the suspicion of residual Pythium infection, diagnostic AC tap and vitreous sample were taken along with injection of 0.1 ml intravitreal linezolid 0.2%. There was no evidence of Pythium infection in both samples; patient was closely followed up and treated with topical linezolid 0.2% for 1.5 months. Topical steroids were gradually tapered and graft failure without any recurrence of infection was noted 4 months after the primary surgery. The patient subsequently underwent an optical keratoplasty for visual rehabilitation and currently has a clear graft with no residual infection.
Pythium insidiosum keratitis: Review of literature of 5 years’ clinical experience at a tertiary eye care center
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2023
Pratima Vishwakarma, Bhupesh Bagga
Pythium is a plant pathogen commonly found in aquatic ecosystems. It causes pythiosis in mammals including dogs, cats, sheep, horses, and humans.9 In humans, its systemic manifestations include 1) granulomatous ulcers from subcutaneous infections and 2) systemic dissemination of infection with multi-organ involvement and inflammation of arteries with subsequent necrotizing arteritis with thrombosis, aneurysms, gangrene, and aortic leakage resulting in death.6 Risk factors for the systemic disease include thalassemia and contact with water.14