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Understanding the Metabolomics of Medicinal Plants under Environmental Pollution
Published in Azamal Husen, Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Prachi Sao, Rahat Parveen, Aryan Khattri, Shubhra Sharma, Neha Tiwari, Sachidanand Singh
Climate change is continuous, and how it impacts animals and plants is important to consider. The industrialization of the developing world has polluted the environment the most. Also, the use of crude oil, charcoal, and other chemical products to speed up work and transport vehicles and produce packaging materials contributes to all forms of pollution. The soil and water have also been contaminated by agricultural and residential use of chemicals. Even building dams, industry, residential space, agri space has contributed to vast deforestation that has disrupted natural balance. Environmental contamination is so extreme that various existing physicochemical remediation methods such as Fenton processes, soil vapour extraction, chemical oxidation, Heterogeneous photocatalysis, vitrification, soil washing, electrokinetic, among many others, are expensive and unreachable in remote areas (Castro et al., 2016; Cheng et al., 2016; Rosas et al., 2013; Ortiz et al., 2007; Maurya et al., 2019). Also, this remediation generates by-products that further harm the soil and dramatically alter the way the soil can be used for plant growth (Meneses et al., 2010).
Review on Imaging Features for COVID-19
Published in S. Prabha, P. Karthikeyan, K. Kamalanand, N. Selvaganesan, Computational Modelling and Imaging for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, 2021
COVID-19 virus is a type of human and animal pathogen. It is enclosed with positive-stranded RNA viruses. Coronaviruses are types of betavirus designated by the Study Group of the ICTV as SARS-CoV-2. Another type of betavirus is MERS, which is distantly related (Lu et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2020). These two viruses have a very close RNA-sequence similarity, which is the key source of COVID-19. It is transmitted directly to bats. The current situation of COVID-19 is that, treatments are not approved due to the progression of viral infections. The prevention of this virus is very difficult due to its non-specific features, infectivity before symptoms, transmission of viruses from asymptomatic persons and transmission even after clinical recovery. The highest transmission risk of COVID-19 is between healthcare workers. The number of COVID-19-infected people around the world is increasing, as is the death rate. The doctor who first warned about the COVID-19 virus has also died. Hence, there is need a to prevent COVID-19 virus transmission.
Animals as companions
Published in Clive R. Hollin, An Introduction to Human–Animal Relationships, 2021
There are vaccines available for the treatment of allergies, which can cause skin problems and breathing difficulties, although the simple solution for those who are strongly allergic to cats is to find another companion animal. Zoonotic diseases are brought about by bacteria, parasites, and viruses which cross between animals and humans (Murugan et al., 2015). These diseases can be serious, such as with the Ebola virus and salmonellosis, or more manageable as with “cat scratch disease,” a bacterial infection of an open wound caused by a scratch or bite. The risk of ill-health can be managed close to home, as with other pets, by a good health-care regime for the cat including regular vaccinations. On a larger scale, coordinated initiatives such as instigating and maintaining comprehensive records and standardised education for professionals working with animals may bring widespread benefits (Sterneberg-Van der Maaten, Turner, Van Tilburg, & Vaarten, 2016).
The impact of different dark chocolate dietary patterns on synaptic potency and plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 area of the rats under chronic isolation stress
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Elham Kalantarzadeh, Maryam Radahmadi, Parham Reisi
It is noticeable that animal research plays an important role in the preclinical phases of clinical trials. Although a small sample size could decrease the research validity, to meet the required scientific objectives, these studies should be designed in such a way that the number of animals would be reduced in trials. While the ethical reasons underlying the reduction of animal use could be obvious, it is nevertheless ethically important to rigorously test the experimental hypotheses. That is because the obtained results may directly impact human health. Many scholars consider 6 animals to be an adequate sample size per group (n = 6). However, presuming that 10% of the animals may die during the experiment, which could reduce the research accuracy, a researcher could adjust the calculated attrition rate in the sample size. Hence, for a 10% attrition rate, considering 7 rats per group (n = 7) would be reasonable. In a previous study, animal groups, consisting of 5–7 animals (minimum and maximum n/group, respectively), have been suggested for the One-way ANOVA using two formulas (10/k + 1 and 20/k + 1 for the minimum and maximum n/group, respectively) [23,24].
Variant influenza: connecting the missing dots
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Vivek Chavda, Rajashri Bezbaruah, Tutumoni Kalita, Anupam Sarma, Juti Rani Devi, Ratnali Bania, Vasso Apostolopoulos
The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized zoonosis as any infection or illness that could spontaneously be transmitted either from non-human vertebrates to humans or from the human population to animal species [1-3]. The word ‘zoonoses’ was derived using the Greek words ‘zoon,’ which denotes animal, and ‘nosos,’ which implies disease. Approximately 61% of the human pathogens are zoonotic [4,5]. Since all living beings, including both animals and humans as well as the environment, contribute to the pathogenesis and prevalence of the disease, it was reported that a significant percentage of infectious diseases that impact people are caused by animals [6]. In recent decades, human diseases of animal origin have evolved, and these diseases have been linked to animal origin diets. Some diseases, such as HIV infection, start out as zoonosis, but later the strains mutate and affect only humans. Zoonoses are a notable health concern as well as a direct human health risk that can cause death [7]. Additionally, the 13 most frequent zoonoses have had the greatest impact on poor livestock workers in economically developing countries, causing an estimated 2.4 billion infected cases of the disease and 2.7 million human deaths per year [8]. The majority of these diseases have a negative influence on animal health and reduce animal productivity considerably [4].
Finding Hope for the Planet in 2022
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2022
Continuing the theme chosen for 2022 editorials “finding hope,” I focus this month on finding hope for the planet. Climate change, with its consequent increases in catastrophic fires and floods, is creating destruction of habitat for both the human and animal residents of our planet. The reckless actions of humans contribute to the planetary crisis. As noted by Kolbert, “For most of history, people saw themselves as dependent on their surroundings…Only in the past few hundred years has it become possible—and come to seem normal—for people to mow down forests, fill in wetlands, and blast away mountains because it suits them” (2022, p. 20). The Secretary-General of the United Nations grimly observed, “We are firmly on track toward an unlivable world” (cited in Kolbert, 2022, p. 20).