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Potassium Iodide
Published in Sarah H. Wakelin, Howard I. Maibach, Clive B. Archer, Handbook of Systemic Drug Treatment in Dermatology, 2015
KI is a thyroid-blocking agent and is licensed for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. It is used to protect the thyroid during therapy with radioactive iodine and may also be given pre-operatively before partial thyroidectomy. It is also used as emergency protection of the thyroid following accidental exposure to radiation. Solutions of KI are used as expectorants to reduce the stickiness of mucous in chest complaints. It is not licensed for use in any dermatological disease. Although benefit has been reported in several dermatoses, the level of evidence for these is limited to small open studies or case reports. These indications include: Fungal infections, specifically cutaneous and lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis and cutaneous cryptococcosis. These probably account for the main use of KI worldwide, given its low cost compared with systemic antifungal medication. Benefit has also been reported in other subcutaneous mycoses such as phycomycosis, human pythiosis, Nocardia brasiliensis, cutaneous cryptococcosis and rhinoentomophthoromycosis (rhinophycomycosis).Panniculitis: erythema nodosum, erythema induratum (nodular vasculitis).Neutrophilic dermatoses: Sweet’s syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum.Miscellaneous: erythema multiforme, Behçet’s syndrome, disseminated granuloma annulare, Wegener’s granulomatosis.
Clinical and Histopathological Evaluation of a Rabbit Model for Pythium insidiosum Keratitis
Published in Current Eye Research, 2020
Paavan Kalra, Lalit Kishore Ahirwar, Ruchi Mittal, Konduri Ranjith, Shilpa Das, Kodiganti Manjulatha, Bhupesh Bagga, Ashik Mohamed, Joveeta Joseph, Savitri Sharma
With increased recognition of Pythium as a significant contributor to the infective keratitis cases in humans, the value of an animal model of Pythium keratitis cannot be over emphasized. Definite therapy for this infection is yet to be established and an animal model would help in evaluating different treatment regimen and dosing schedules for better outcomes in this condition. We set out to determine the route and dose of inoculation and the need for concomitant immunosuppression to establish a rabbit model. Systemic pythiosis has been reported in several types of animals including horses and dogs and experimental systemic pythiosis has been established in rabbits and used by several investigators for a variety of studies.7 Therefore, we considered rabbit keratitis model for our study. The need for concomitant steroid injection was considered based on published literature where immunosuppression of the eye was found to be essential for maintenance of keratomycosis in the rabbit eye.10,11
Pythium insidiosum keratitis: Review of literature of 5 years’ clinical experience at a tertiary eye care center
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2023
Pratima Vishwakarma, Bhupesh Bagga
Pythiosis, a lethal and uprising infective condition affecting humans and animals, is caused predominantly by Pythium insidiosum.1 In humans, it can result in cutaneous or subcutaneous, ocular, vascular, or disseminated forms of infection.2 Its systemic and subcutaneous involvement was well known earlier,3 while ocular involvement in the form of Pythium insidiosum keratitis was first reported in humans in 1988.4 Recently, an animal model has also been developed for corneal infection in rabbits.5 Initially it was reported more commonly from Thailand and Israel,6 but now due to increased awareness of this under-reported organism worldwide, it is found to be widely prevalent.