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Brazilian Medicinal Plant Extracts with Antimicrobial Action Against Microorganisms that Cause Foodborne Diseases
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Luiza Helena da Silva Martins, Sabrina Baleixo da Silva, Carissa Michelle Goltara Bichara, Johnnat Rocha Allan de Oliveira, Adilson Ferreira Santos Filho, Rafaela Cristina Barata Alves, Andrea Komesu, Mahendra Rai
Outbreaks of foodborne infections or OFD are called when two or more people develop the same symptoms after eating foods of the same origin, which can occur in the form of infection, intoxication and/or intoxication (Mendonça et al. 2020). Some diseases that affect millions of people annually are associated with symptoms that are reflected in disorders of the digestive system of the host and can last from a few hours to several days, varying according to the microorganism or toxin found and the amount of contaminated food eaten. In most cases, the most common symptoms include stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and sometimes fever. In susceptible individuals, such as children, the elderly, pregnant women and the immunosuppressed, the clinical picture can be more severe and prolonged, with consequences such as dehydration, bloody diarrhea, acute renal failure and even lead to death, depending on the patient’s physical condition (Oliveira et al. 2010; Câmara Flores and Melo 2015).
Community- and Home-Based Rehabilitation of COVID-19
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
Select food based on the food properties and the patient’s condition. For patients with cold and stomach symptoms, ginger, onion, mustard, coriander, and other spicy foods can be used to warm the stomach. For patients with dry throat, dry mouth, boredom symptoms, and other symptoms, choose green tea, fermented black beans, carambola, and other heat-clearing yin food. For patients with symptoms such as cough and phlegm, choose pears, lily, groundnut, almond, ginkgo, plum, Chinese cabbage, orange peel, perilla, and other cough- and asthma-clearing food. For patients with loss of appetite, abdominal distention, and other symptoms of temper weakness, choose hawthorn, Chinese yam, white lentil, poria, pueraria, semen raphani, Arenicola, and other spleen-invigorating and digestive food. For patients with constipation and other symptoms, choose honey, bananas, sesame seeds, and other moist laxative foods. For patients with symptoms such as insomnia, choose jujube kernel, cypress kernel, and other food that helps induce sleeping.
Paper 3
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
Appearances of the stomach are difficult to assess on CT; however, the diffuse thickening and small lumen along with perigastric fat stranding, ascites and upper abdominal lymphadenopathy is highly suspicious of malignancy, specifically linitis plastica. Linitis plastica can have multiple causes including malignancy, inflammation and infection. The most common cause is scirrhous adenocarcinoma of the stomach. This often causes submucosal infiltration and hence endoscopic biopsies are frequently negative; therefore a repeat may not yield any further information.
Current status and advances in esophageal drug delivery technology: influence of physiological, pathophysiological and pharmaceutical factors
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Ai Wei Lim, Nicholas J. Talley, Marjorie M. Walker, Gert Storm, Susan Hua
The esophagus is a part of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It is a hollow, muscular channel that delivers swallowed food bolus to the stomach. The thickness of the esophageal wall in healthy individuals varies depending on the section of the esophagus, with the largest wall thickness during esophageal contraction of 4.70 mm (95%CI: 4.44-4.95) and during esophageal dilation of 2.11 mm (95%CI: 2.00-2.23) (Xia et al., 2009). The esophagus begins at the upper esophageal sphincter that is formed by the cricopharyngeal muscle and ends with the lower esophageal sphincter, which is surrounded by the crural diaphragm (Standring, 2020). While the average length of the esophagus in an adult is between 23 to 25 cm, the length in children at birth varies between 8 to 10 cm (Standring, 2020; Scott-Brown et al., 2008). The esophagus is lined with non-keratinized squamous epithelium in humans and the muscular elements are smooth muscle (Standring, 2020).
Trends and Projections of Stomach Cancer Incidence in Hong Kong: A Population-Based Study
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2023
Liping Yang, Haifeng Sun, Yan Bai, Shengzhi Sun, Xiaoming Wu, Zhenhai Gan, Jianqiang Du, Jianfei Du
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most important cause of stomach cancer (4,5). Other risk factors for stomach cancer include high salt intake, smoking, obesity, and low consumption of fruits and vegetables, most of which are associated with low socioeconomic status (6–9). The prevalence of H. pylori and exposure to other risk factors vary across birth cohorts (10). Therefore, the risk of developing stomach cancer in birth cohorts may be strongly related to the prevalence of H. pylori and exposure to behavior risks. Temporal variations in the birth cohort and period effects on the incidence of stomach cancer can be isolated and analyzed by age-period-cohort (APC) models, which are better suited than traditional cross-sectional models to elucidate the possible determinants of temporal trends (11–13).
Fecal Metabolome and Bacterial Composition in Severe Obesity: Impact of Diet and Bariatric Surgery
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Nuria Salazar, Manuel Ponce-Alonso, María Garriga, Sergio Sanchez-Carrillo, Ana María Hernández-Barranco, Begoña Redruello, María Fernández, José Ignacio Botella-Carretero, Belén Vega-Piñero, Javier Galeano, Javier Zamora, Manuel Ferrer, Clara G de Los Reyes-Gavilán, Rosa Del Campo
Bariatric surgery is the most cost-effective treatment for reducing body mass index (BMI) in severe obesity (BMI >40 or >35 combined with comorbidities) and resolving endocrine-related dysfunctions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) by both physiological and metabolic impact.1,2 The most common surgical approaches are Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), both by laparoscopy. Selecting the appropriate surgical approach requires a consensus between the patient and surgeon based on BMI, dietary habits, and comorbidities, and is not recommended in compulsive eating disorders.3 The physical reduction of the stomach forces drastic changes in the diet, and additional recommendations are made to maximize satiety also preserving the muscle mass, minimizing gastrointestinal symptoms, and enhancing weight loss. However, not all patients achieve complete loss of the baseline excess weight.