China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Challenge of Parasite Control
Published in Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin, Parasitology, 2023
Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin
A further example of how simple alterations in food handling practices can decrease the incidence of a trophically transmitted parasite involves anisakiasis, caused by consumption of nematodes in the genus Anisakis (family Anisakidae). Marine mammals serve as the usual definitive host, becoming infected as they consume infected fish or squid (Figure 9.3). Humans may become infected if they consume infected raw seafood, like sushi or ceviche. Although adequate cooking or freezing of seafood kills the infective larvae, marinating or salting does not necessarily do so.
Pseudoterranova
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
The family Anisakidae covers a closely related group of marine nematodes (round worms) that are organized into eight genera (i.e., Anisakis, Contracaecum, Ophidascaris, Phocascaris, Pseudanisakis, Pseudoterranova, Sulcascaris, and Terranova). These nematodes share a similar life cycle involving invertebrates (crustaceans and mollusks) as intermediate host, fish as paratenic/transport host, and marine mammals as final host, although their preferred final hosts are somewhat different (e.g., cetaceans [whales, dolphins] for Anisakis, pinnipeds [seals, sea lions, and walruses] for Pseudoterranova, and birds for Contracaecum) (Table 81.1). As an accidental, nonpermissive host, humans may acquire Anisakidae infection (anisakidosis) through ingestion of raw or inadequately cooked fish containing the third-stage (L3) larvae (typically of Anisakis simplex, Pseudoterranova decipiens, and Contracaecum osculatum), with symptoms ranging from abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, to allergic reactions [1]. As the second most common cause of human infection by a marine nematode (after A. simplex, see Chapter 77 in this volume), P. decipiens frequently occurs in fisheries from North America, Japan, Korea, and Chile as well as Iceland, but rarely from Greenland, Faroe Bank, and the Arctic sea of Norway. Given their relatively large size, P. decipiens larvae are easily visible on fish fillets, and represent a major cause of product condemnation in areas of high endemicity.
Anisakis
Published in Dongyou Liu, Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 2017
Mauricio Afonso Vericimo, Gerlinde Teixeira, Israel Figueiredo, Janaina Ribeiro, Maria Augusta Moulin Fantezia, Sergio Carmona São Clemente
In humans, the ingestion of the live anisakid larvae causes distinct clinical forms of illness: gastric, intestinal and/or ectopic anisakidosis, and/or allergic reactions, which may vary from mild to severe reactions. Although not a very common finding, gastroallergic anisakiosis (GAA) is a well-established clinical entity, characterized by acute IgE-mediated urticaria, angioedema, or anaphylaxis shortly after an A. simplex acute infection. The immunologic response that accompanies this parasite presents a significant polyclonal stimulation of different immunoglobulin isotypes comprising a mixed Th1- and Th2-mediated reaction.38 The ingestion of dead anisakid larvae or proteins derived from the larvae may also trigger mild to severe allergic reactions. Therefore, anisakid extracts should be included in the standard sets of allergens used to investigate undefined allergies and anaphylactic reactions.39
Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis: an emerging concern in western countries?
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2019
Florence Robert-Gangneux, Brice Autier, Jean-Pierre Gangneux
Fishes commonly harbor many parasites [1,2], some of them can be transmitted to humans, leading to various diseases such as diphyllobothriosis, anisakidosis, larva migrans syndrome due to Gnathostoma spp. or Spirometra spp., liver or intestinal flukes infections and others [3]. However, only diphyllobothriosis and anisakidosis are endemic in Western countries. Anisakid nematodes, which are the most widely distributed [4], are well-known from fishermen as they can be easily seen with the naked eye in the intestines or the peritoneal cavity of freshly caught infected fish. The narrow larvae of this roundworm measure about 2 cm long and are often present by dozens. Additionally, human anisakidosis does not go unnoticed, since it induces acute stomach pain within a few hours after ingestion of raw fish. Evisceration of fishes rapidly after fishing avoid migration of the larvae in the muscles of the dead fish [5]. However, in some conditions larvae can migrate before capture of the fish [6]. For this reason, freezing fishes destined to be consumed raw is the most suitable prevention measure.
Epidemiology and management of foodborne nematodiasis in the European Union, systematic review 2000–2016
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2018
Marta Serrano-Moliner, María Morales-Suarez-Varela, M. Adela Valero
Anisakiasis is caused by the ingestion of larval nematodes of the Anisakidae family. Humans acquire the infection by eating raw, salted, marinated or undercooked seafood. Human infection is accidental and humans are not suitable hosts for these parasites. No multiplication occurs in human [6].