China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Radionuclide-based Diagnosis and Therapy of Prostate Cancer
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Sven-Erik Strand, Mohamed Altai, Joanna Strand, David Ulmert
PSMA-617, a ligand with optimized tumour cell internalization and low kidney retention with DOTA chelator, was developed for PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy. 177Lu-PSMA-617 has been increasingly used for therapy of metastatic PCa patients (see next section). These prompted research to clinically investigate the potential of using a 68Ga-labeled PSMA-617 as a companion diagnostic agent for PET imaging [89]. This study clearly demonstrated that 68Ga-PSMA-617 is capable of detecting lesions of PCa with high contrast, especially in late time images.
Radionuclide Selection for Targeted Molecular Radiotherapy
Published in W. P. M. Mayles, A. E. Nahum, J.-C. Rosenwald, Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics, 2021
Examples of diagnostic companions used routinely include 111In-ibritumomab, which is given approximately one week before 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The physical half-lives of 90Y (64 hours) and 111In (68 hours) are closely matched, and the products can be assumed to have the same biodistribution (Sjögreen-Gleisner et al. 2011). 111In, labelled to somatostatin analogues, is also used for diagnosis and treatment planning for patients with neuroendocrine tumours, and investigations have confirmed that the pharmacokinetics are similar to that of 86Y-DOTATOC (Walrand et al. 2011). Although the half-life of 68 minutes is not ideal for repeated imaging over longer periods, 68Ga has steadily increased in popularity, especially for somatostatin analogues but also for other tracers (Banerjee and Pomper 2013). The PSMA-ligand-based treatments under current investigation are often preceded by a diagnostic assessment using analogue 68Ga ligands, which appear to correspond to the uptake of the 177Lu-based therapeutics (Okamoto et al. 2017; Kabasakal et al. 2015). While the optimal carrier-molecule and diagnostic-radionuclide combination is yet to be determined for this patient group (Umbricht et al. 2017), there is a great need for a companion diagnostic agent. One of the many PSMA ligands developed has actually been termed I&T – Imaging and Therapy – emphasising the complementary role of matched-pair partners.
Extracorporeal Purging of Bone Marrow Grafts by Dye-Sensitized Photoirradiation
Published in Adrian P. Gee, BONE MARROW PROCESSING and PURGING, 2020
MC 540 was originally developed as a sensitizing additive for photographic emulsions. Since the mid 1970s, the dye has also been used as a noninvasive probe for the recording of transmembrane potential changes in electrically excitable cells.39 Valinsky and co-workers were the first to recognize its potential as a diagnostic agent for the detection of leukemic cells in peripheral blood.40,41 Some of their data suggest that MC 540 staining of peripheral blood leukocytes is capable of detecting leukemic relapses 3 to 4 months earlier than standard microscopic methods.41 Despite this substantial gain in sensitivity, MC 540 staining has never found widespread acceptance as a diagnostic tool, presumably because the staining reaction is not robust enough to be used in a routine laboratory. Seemingly minor deviations from the recommended protocol for the staining and analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes can compromise the reliability or sensitivity of the method.
A critical review on the role of nanotheranostics mediated approaches for targeting β amyloid in Alzheimer’s
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Vaibhav Rastogi, Anjali Jain, Prashant Kumar, Pragya Yadav, Mayur Porwal, Shashank Chaturvedi, Phool Chandra, Anurag Verma
The detection of the AD at an early stage will be beneficial for the treatment of AD [60,120]. Current research focuses on treating the AD via drug-loaded nanocarriers like metallic nanoparticles, quantum dots, aptamers, and the detection simply by imaging and diagnosing the prominent biomarker of AD i.e. amyloid β, and the tau protein. The most commonly used diagnostic agent, specifically in the nanotheranostics are quantum dots, radionuclides for nuclear imaging, fluorescent dyes for optical imaging, iron oxides for MRI, and heavy metals for computed tomography. These imaging and diagnostics agents are the nanocarriers important component that belongs to the nanotheranostics system. The nanocarriers should be designed to efficiently function with the biomarkers or some other selected ligands to diagnose the disease in real-time to achieve the target-specific treatment. Early diagnosis of the disease via this nanotheranostics technique involves the use of different techniques like MRI, CT, Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) [62].
Matrix metalloproteinase enzyme responsive delivery of 5-Fluorouracil using Collagen-I peptide functionalized Dendrimer-Gold nanocarrier
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Sejal Chauhan, Krunal Patel, Poonam Jain, Ashok Kumar Jangid, Sunita Patel, Kanakaraju Medicherla, Kajal Limbad, Chetan Mehta, Hitesh Kulhari
In this study, we have successfully developed MMP1 enzyme-responsive drug delivering nanocarrier (Col-I-5Fu@G5AuNP). The G5 dendrimers-coated gold nanoparticles (G5AuNP) were synthesized and then functionalized with Col-I peptide to make them MMP1 enzyme responsive (Col-I-5Fu@G5AuNP). The designed formulations showed nanoscale size, MMP1-reponsive drug release, and were nontoxic to human red blood cells. The cellular uptake studies revealed time-dependent internalization of nanoparticles by human breast cancer cells which led to enhance the anticancer activity of 5Fu. The treatment of Col-I-5Fu@G5AuNP to MCF-7 showed 8-folds lower IC50 value as compared to free 5Fu, which proves its great potential for the treatment of breast cancer. In CT X-ray attenuation studies, Col-I@G5AuNP showed good contrast property that presents its applicability as a diagnostic agent. Overall, the formulated MMP-responsive Col-I-5Fu@G5AuNP nanoparticles showed promising results for stimuli-responsive drug delivery and CT scans.
An updated patent review of galectin-1 and galectin-3 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications (2016–present)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2021
Aaftaab Sethi, Swetha Sanam, Ravi Alvala, Mallika Alvala
A library of small molecule (mono-galactosides) inhibitors of gal-3 was developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (WO 2019/067702 A1). Many of these compounds exhibited potent activity against gal-3. Some of these molecules [21–31] with highest IC50 values are represented in Figure 3 [79]. In another patent on small molecule inhibitors of gal-3, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (WO 2020/198,266 A1) developed compounds which included C1 and C3 substituted galactopyranose. These exhibited gal-3 inhibitory activity in nanomolar concentration. Few of these small molecule gal-3 inhibitors [32–35] along with their IC50 values are represented in Figure 3 [80]. A specific binding molecule (monoclonal antibody) composed of a variable heavy domain (VH) and a variable light domain (VL) was developed using a host cell (E. coli) comprising the vectors. The heavy chain and light chain are composed of amino acid sequences. The monoclonal antibody binds specifically to gal-3 in micromolar concentration. Hence, it was proposed that, this could be put to use in the prophylaxis or treatment of inflammatory disease and atherosclerosis. Its proposed use also involves being employed as a diagnostic agent for identifying inflammatory disease and atherosclerosis (WO 2019/068863 A1) [81].