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Human Gut Microbiota–Transplanted Gn Pig Models for HRV Infection
Published in Lijuan Yuan, Vaccine Efficacy Evaluation, 2022
Spearman's correlation coefficients were determined for frequencies of rotavirus-specific IFN-γ producing T cells in ileum, spleen, and blood, and OTUs at the genus level on PID28 (PCD0) and PCD7 (Table 11.3). There were significant positive correlations between Collinsella and CD8+ T cells in blood and ileum, as well as CD4+ T cells in the blood at PCD0. At PCD0, significant negative correlations existed between Clostridium and Anaerococcus, and ileal CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. At this time point, CD8+ T cells in blood were negatively correlated with Propionibacterium, Blautia, and an unclassified member of Bacillales, while CD4+ T cells in blood were negatively correlated with two unclassified members of Clostridiales.
Bacillus
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
The genus Bacillus is classified taxonomically in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, class Bacilli, phylum Firmicutes, and domain Bacteria. Representing 1 of the 27 genera within the family Bacillaceae (i.e., Alkalibacillus, Amphibacillus, Anoxybacillus, Bacillus, Caldalkalibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Exiguobacterium, Filobacillus, Geobacillus, Gracilibacillus, Halobacillus, Halolactibacillus, Jeotgalibacillus, Lentibacillus, Marinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Paucisalibacillus, Pontibacillus, Saccharococcus, Salinibacillus, Tenuibacillus, Thalassobacillus, Ureibacillus, Virgibacillus, and Vulcanibacillus), the genus Bacillus comprises more than 140 recognized species, including vertebrate pathogens (e.g., B. anthracis, B. cereus), invertebrate parasites (e.g., B. larvae, B. lentimorbus, B. popilliae, B. sphaericus, B. thuringiensis), and nonpathogenic saprophytes [3].
Protective effects of Forsythiae fructus and Cassiae semen water extract against memory deficits through the gut-microbiome-brain axis in an Alzheimer’s disease model
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Da Sol Kim, Ting Zhang, Sunmin Park
Furthermore, analysis of the molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the bacterial communities in faeces were significantly different among the four groups (p < 0.01). The proportions Erysipelotrichales, Clostridiales, Coriobacteriales, and Desulfovibrionales, were higher in the AD-CON group than in the CON and AD-FF groups (Figure 6B), but they were similar in the AD-CS and AD-CON groups. Proportions of Bacteroidales, Lactobacillales, and Bacillales were lower in the AD-CON group than in the CON group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, FF better protected against their decreases in the AD-CON rats (Figure 6C). Serum acetate and propionate concentrations were not significantly different among the groups. However, serum butyrate concentrations were lower in the AD-CON than the CON, whereas they were much higher in AD-FF than AD-CON and CON. Serum butyrate concentrations did not differ between AD-CS and AD-CON, suggesting CS might not change the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (Figure 6D).
Development of gut microbiota and bifidobacterial communities of neonates in the first 6 weeks and their inheritance from mother
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Bo Yang, Mengfan Ding, Yingqi Chen, Fengzhen Han, Chunyan Yang, Jianxin Zhao, Patrice Malard, Catherine Stanton, R. Paul Ross, Hao Zhang, Wei Chen
At genus level, Parabacteroides, Ruminococcus, Lachnospira, Roseburia, Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium were the dominant genera in the maternal gut. Unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Rothia and Veillonella appeared to be predominant in the 7-day-infant gut, while Unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus were the predominant genera in the 42-day-infant gut (Figure 2). Additionally, some genera were present in greater relative abundance in infant samples compared with maternal samples including Enterobacter, Bacillales, Unclassified Planococcaceae, Actinetobacter, Corynebacterium, Rothia, Pseudomonas, Propionibacterium, Allobaculum, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Bacteroides and Staphylococcus.
Anticoccidial effect of Fructus Meliae toosendan extract against Eimeria tenella
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Ting Yong, Meng Chen, Yunhe Li, Xu Song, Yongyuan Huang, Yaqin Chen, Renyong Jia, Yuanfeng Zou, Lixia Li, Lizi Yin, Changliang He, Cheng Lv, Xiaoxia Liang, Gang Ye, Zhongqiong Yin
Avian coccidiosis is a major intracellular parasitic disease caused by the genus Eimeria (Eimeriidae), leading to tremendous economic losses of poultry worldwide (Allen and Fetterer 2002; Dalloul and Lillehoj 2006). The life cycle of E. tenella is complex. It starts from the exogenous stage of unsporulated oocysts shedding in faeces, then sporulation and infection. In the endogenous phase, when the environmentally resistant oocysts infect chickens, the haploid sporozoites are released from sporocysts contained within each oocyst (Sharman et al. 2010), and subsequently invade intestinal epithelial cells. Eventually, the final generation of merozoites differentiates into either male or female microgametes and release from the host cells, and male gametes invade and fuse with intracellular female gametes to form zygotes. Zygotes mature into oocysts within the gut and are excreted into faeces (Kinnaird et al. 2004). Intestinal colonization can cause damage to the intestinal tract and caecum, which decreases feed conversion, leading to lower productivity and performance. Moreover, coccidiosis also causes the disbalance of intestinal microflora, such as increasing Enterobacteriaceae abundance, decreasing Bacillales and Lactobacillales abundance, and weakening the immune function, even boosting the susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections (Morris et al. 2007; Shirley et al. 2007; Tian et al. 2014; MacDonald et al. 2017).