China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Reproductive Biotechnologies Applied to Artificial Insemination in Swine
Published in Juan Carlos Gardón, Katy Satué, Biotechnologies Applied to Animal Reproduction, 2020
Francisco Alberto García-Vázquez, Chiara Luongo, Gabriela Garrappa, Ernesto Rodríguez Tobón
Other approaches improving spermatozoa conservation conditions have been the rotation and homogenization of semen samples during their storage to prevent spermatozoa sedimentation. Contrary to initial thoughts, rotation of semen samples triggers an increase in pH with negative effects on spermatozoa quality during storage (Schulze et al., 2015). Similarly, the homogenization of doses during storage impaired mitochondrial activity, acrosome and plasma membrane integrity (Menegat et al., 2017). Accordingly, rotation and homogenization may not be a recommendable action during the storage of seminal doses.
Tissue is the Issue
Published in Brian Leyland-Jones, Pharmacogenetics of Breast Cancer, 2020
Homogenization Homogenize fresh tissue samples (that have been stored in RNAlater) in TRI Reagent (1 mL/50–100 mg tissue) using a glass-Teflon or Polytron homogenizer. Sample volume should not exceed 10% of the volume of TRI Reagent used for homogenization.
Lipid-Based Nanoparticles: SLN, NLC, and MAD
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
Rita Cortesi, Paolo Mariani, Markus Drechsler, Elisabetta Esposito
The same study demonstrated that during the homogenization step, the influence of temperature is decisive for the ultimate dimensional distribution of the particle being at the same time related to the composition and independent of the homogenization equipment. On the other hand an enhancement in homogenization pressure allowed a minute decrease of the micrometer size particles fraction (Wörle et al., 2007).
Preparation and in vivo evaluation of an intravenous emulsion loaded with an aprepitant-phospholipid complex
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Yan Li, Hong Yin, Chensi Wu, Jia He, Chunyan Wang, Bo Ren, Heping Wang, Dandan Geng, Yirong Zhang, Ligang Zhao
In this experiment, two pressure levels (15000 psi and 20000 psi) and 7 high-pressure homogenization cycle levels were investigated. As shown in Figure 6, The homogenization process can reduce the particle size and make the particle size distribution more uniform (Jiao et al., 2002). However, the particle size remained constant when the system tended to be uniformly balanced, indicating that the maximum dispersibility and minimum particle size were achieved at the given homogenization pressure (Keck & Müller, 2006). Furthermore, the increase in PDI with 15000 psi (15 cycles) and 20000 psi (9 cycles) may be due to overpressure or prolonged homogenization leading to destroy the uniformity of the emulsion (Yu et al., 2008). A particle sizes of 89.14 nm was obtained at 20000 psi for 9 cycles, and 112.1 nm was obtained at 15000 psi for 15 cycles. Due to smaller emulsion particle size can maintain good stability, thus we decided to set the pressure at 20000 psi for 9 cycles in this study.
The effect of physico-chemical treatment in reducing Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on lettuce leaf surfaces
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Md. Furkanur Rahaman Mizan, Hye Ran Cho, Md. Ashrafudoulla, Junbin Cho, Md. Iqbal Hossain, Dong-Un Lee, Sang-Do Ha
Ultrasound, using as an Elmasonic P300H sonicator 230 V (Hucom System Co., South Korea), was selected as the physical treatment for removing biofilms from lettuce. In this process, the ultrasound tanks contained ∼28 l of DW, and the operating frequency was 37 kHz, with a maximum output of 380 W. A 500-ml sterile glass beaker containing 100 ml of sterile DW was kept in the ultrasound tank. After biofilm formation, the samples (3 × 3 cm2) were treated individually for 1, 3, and 5 min after soaking in the glass beaker. Using the glass beaker as a container, the visual characteristics were monitored, such as color, texture and shape of the samples, treated with ultrasound. The ultrasound-treated samples were placed in a sterile stomach bag (Whirl-Pak®, Nasco) containing 10 ml of 0.1% PW. Homogenization and enumeration were undertaken as already described above for the chemically treated samples.
Comparison of media milling and microfluidization methods for engineering of nanocrystals: a case study
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Manasi Chogale, Sandip Gite, Vandana Patravale
Homogenization methods are executed using either a microfluidizer or a piston-gap homogenizer. The microfluidizer technology used herein can generate nanoscaled particles by a frontal collision of two fluid streams under pressures up to 1700 bar [11,12]. This leads to particle collision, shear forces, and cavitation forces. The microfluidization chamber can be designed into two shapes; either Y-type or Z-type; latter being most commonly used for nanocrystal fabrication. In a Z-type interaction chamber of a microfluidizer, the incoming fluid stream is forced through numerous zigzag microchannels changing the direction of the flow leading to particle collision and the shear forces dispersing particle agglomerates and reducing particle size. Therefore, the Z-type interaction chambers are commonly used for emulsions (water-in-oil), cell disruption, deagglomeration, particle size reduction, and dispersions [13].