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Do Exercise and Yoga Improve the Quality of Life?
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Physical workout is regarded as one of the most important aspects of a healthy lifestyle. A possible advantage of physical exercise in lowering infectious diseases, particularly viral diseases, has been postulated, besides the functions associated with regulating the excess weight of the body, systemic inflammation and persistent non-infectious diseases (Laddu et al., 2021).
Epidemiology of COVID-19
Published in Srijan Goswami, Chiranjeeb Dey, COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, 2022
Rehab A. Rayan, Christos Tsagkaris, Imran Zafar, Aikaterini Tata
Primary prevention involves interventions before the disease develops. It is based on the breakdown of the causal sequence of genetic and environmental factors that lead to the disease. Change in lifestyle (lifestyle modification) in combination with training and information can prevent the development of infectious and non-infectious diseases. The use of personal protective measures and the education and empowerment of the population in matters of personal hygiene are examples of primary prevention in the context of COVID-19 (IWH, 2015; Wall, 2001). Secondary prevention refers to the early detection of a developing but non-clinically manifest disease or health problem. The purpose of secondary prevention is to make the prognosis of the disease more favorable when it occurs. Early diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, for example, and prophylaxis can prevent the onset of a stroke. In the case of COVID-19, the WHO's “test, test, test” strategy aiming for the early detection of asymptomatic carriers is a secondary prevention intervention. Tertiary prevention prevents the recurrence of a disease that has occurred in the past, such as a stroke or myocardial infarction. At this level of prevention, emphasis is shifted toward rehabilitating and reintegrating patients into their family, work, and social environment. In the case of COVID-19, this level of prevention corresponds to the return of patients, whether hospitalized or not, to their daily activity after the symptoms have subsided and the detection tests for the virus are negative (IWH, 2015; Kisling & M Das, 2020).
COVID-19 Outbreak
Published in Gitanjali Rahul Shinde, Asmita Balasaheb Kalamkar, Parikshit N. Mahalle, Nilanjan Dey, Data Analytics for Pandemics, 2020
Gitanjali Rahul Shinde, Asmita Balasaheb Kalamkar, Parikshit N. Mahalle, Nilanjan Dey
The acquired disease category is further classified into two types: Infectious diseasesNon-infectious diseases
Relationship between maternal ABO blood groups and pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study in Dongguan, China
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Jing-Yun Yu, Bi Jiang, Xin-Jian Zhang, Si-Si Wei, Wei-Chao He
The ABO blood groups, discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1900, include four major ‘ABO’ phenotypes—‘A’, ‘B’, ‘O’ and ‘AB’ (Huang et al. 2017). ABO blood types are the most important blood groups in medicine and are defined by the carbohydrate moiety displayed on the surface of red blood cells and attached to the precursor H substance (Huang et al. 2017). In addition to red blood cells, blood group antigens can also be found on white blood cells, some tissues, plasma proteins, platelets and various cell surface enzymes, and even in body fluids (Abegaz 2021). Correlations between blood type and some diseases may exist because of the presence of blood group antigens. In 1953, it was first reported that there is a statistically significant association between blood type A and the risk of gastric cancer (Aird et al. 1953). Since then, research on the relationship between blood types and diseases has been continuous. Various studies on the correlation between specific blood types and various infectious and non-infectious diseases have been reported (Chen et al. 2016; Abegaz 2021).
Role of exosomes and its emerging therapeutic applications in the pathophysiology of non-infectious diseases
Published in Biomarkers, 2022
Gauresh G. Shivji, Rajib Dhar, Arikketh Devi
Most of the non-infectious diseases like cancer, cardiovascular diseases or neurological disorders can be treated better if they are detected at their early stages. However, their detection is a challenge especially in pancreatic cancer. Many techniques are employed for detection of cancer at early stages, and one such biological tool is the use of exosomes. Though treatments of these diseases have greatly improved over these years, the issue of toxicity and specificity is still a question. The great advantage of exosomes is their availability (from almost all types of cells), diverse molecular content with nucleic acids and several proteins. Many of these proteins can be used as biomarkers for the early detection of diseases. Their complex molecular cargo can be altered according to our requirement and made to target specifically the site of interest. Exosomes are stable and very specific, and thus they can be utilized to deliver drugs and proteins. Exosomes derived from immune cells display immunotherapeutic effect on the affected cells and can be used for tissue repair and regeneration. Thus exosomes can be a great replacement for treatment and diagnosis of the non-infectious diseases like cancer, neurodegenerative and cardio-vascular diseases.
Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 2013–2018
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2022
ChenChen Wang, ZuoLing Xie, Xi Huang, Zheng Wang, HaiYan ShangGuan, ShaoHua Wang
Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of macrovascular disease is low in patients with diabetes in China19,20 and the number of cardiovascular complications is lower than that recorded in Australia or Europe21,22. However, our results were inconsistent with those mentioned above. In our study, the overall estimated prevalence of CHD was similar to that reported in Sweden23, although the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was much lower than that in China. The high prevalence of CHD was consistent with data from other studies in China in recent years11,24. In addition, the increased prevalence of CHD can be observed in the general population and not exclusively in patients with diabetes, which is considered an alteration in disease patterns from infectious diseases to non-infectious diseases in developing countries25. In aging populations, western lifestyle, the prevalence of obesity, dyslipidemia and other metabolic disorders collectively contribute to diseases26–30.