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Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Their Activities
Published in Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari, Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Fish Wastes, 2022
Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari
Cognition enhancement: Its minerals, namely, selenium and zinc, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids stimulate neural pathways and prevent oxidative stress in the blood vessels and capillaries of brain. Further, these factors have been reported to prevent Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.
People
Published in Emmanuel Tsekleves, John Keady, Design for People Living with Dementia, 2021
Emmanuel Tsekleves, John Keady
In the mild stage of Alzheimer’s disease, symptoms typically include forgetfulness, losing or misplacing things, difficulty finding the right words and showing poor judgment with planning and decision-making. People with mild Alzheimer’s disease might be unable able to recall a recent conversation or the name of a familiar object, even though it might be on the tip of their tongue.
Introduction to dementia
Published in Joanne Brooke, Dementia in Prison, 2020
When a person’s Alzheimer’s disease has progressed significantly, severe symptoms affect their ability to communicate and they need support with all of their activities of daily living. Alzheimer’s disease is a terminal disease, but its trajectory is difficult to predict, so the end phase and the need for end-of-life care may span over weeks to months. Common severe symptoms include difficulty in swallowing, which leads to weight loss; inability to communicate; increased sleeping; inability to mobilise and may become bedridden; and loss of bowel and bladder control. The most common cause of death for people at the end stage of Alzheimer’s disease is aspiration pneumonia, due to the person’s inability to swallow and secretions of fluid enter the lungs, which become infected. There is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, although there are drugs to both treat and slow its progression (National Institute of Aging, 2020).
Efficient optimization based thresholding technique for analysis of alzheimer MRIs
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2023
S. Prabha, K. Sakthidasan @ Sankaran, D. Chitradevi
Dementia is a type of memory disorder which affects the brain. Alzheimer is the primary stage of dementia which is caused due to the amyloid β protein deposition in brain cells. The increase in the level of amyloid β protein intensifies the cell death and block the signal transmission. According to the recent survey report, from the overall population 4 million people are affected by different kinds of dementia in and around the world. Dementia is an increasing public health problems among the developed countries [1]. It can be characterized with impaired intellectual functioning which disturbs day-to-day activities or personal relationship. The impairment comprises of social behavior, memory loss, thinking and language problem. Aging is the one of the major risk factor of Alzheimer disease (AD) which mainly affects the people above the age of 65 years. Various modalities are available to diagnose Alzheimer [2].
Polymer drug conjugates containing memantine, tacrine and cinnamic acid: promising nanotherapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2023
Tobeka Naki, William Morwa Reagile Matshe, Mohammed Olusegun Balogun, Suprakas Sinha Ray, Samuel Ayodele Egieyeh, Blessing Atim Aderibigbe
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterised by the loss of cognitive function and a progressive loss of episodic memory which leads to impaired visuospatial skills and language as well as behavioural abnormalities, such as aggression, depression, and apathy (Fan et al.2019, Zhang et al.2021a). It is the world’s sixth major cause of death and the most common cause of dementia (Haque and Levey 2019). Currently, over 50 million people suffer from AD globally, and this number is predicted to increase to 152 million by 2050 (Breijyeh and Karaman 2020). The shortage of effective treatment options results from the lack of sufficient knowledge about the actual pathology and process behind AD (Kuo and Rajesh 2019). Moreover, there is no cure for AD and there is a pressing need to find effective drugs to treat AD (Kuo and Rajesh 2019). Some drugs are currently approved for the management of AD.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel N-phosphorylated and O-phosphorylated tacrine derivatives as potential drugs against Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Maja Przybyłowska, Krystyna Dzierzbicka, Szymon Kowalski, Sebastian Demkowicz, Mateusz Daśko, Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
Alzheimer’s disease is an age – related most common cause of dementia among elderly people. That is already the third leading cause of death after cancer and heart diseases1,2. According to an update to the estimates in the World Alzheimer Report 2015 (2020), there are over 50 million people worldwide living with dementia in 2020. This number will almost double every 20 years, reaching 152 million in 20503. The life activity of the patients depends on the stage of disease. Mostly, at the beginning they are characterised only by mild loss of the memory, whereas in the advanced stage, they are totally dependent on someone, not able to function by their own4. It should be mentioned that many other symptoms occur simultaneously with AD, like depression, psychosis or cognitive impairment5–7. The cause of this disease is still unknown, but the main therapeutic strategies are based on cholinergic hypothesis, so available drugs are cholinesterase inhibitors8,9. Regarding the hydrolysis of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) to choline and acetate, the concentration of this neurotransmitter in the central nervous system is insufficient to enable the proper work of brain10–14. Another characteristics of AD are the presence of thick extracellular β-amyloid plaques (Aβ) and intra-neuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), that lead to the death of neurons and as a result to the behavioural symptoms mentioned above15–18.