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Cognitive Disorders and Lifestyle Change
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Memory processes information and stores memories in the brain. Memory relies on cortical neurons in the brain using an array of connections between neurons in the neocortex, which is the outermost layer of the cerebrum (Lezak et al., 2012). There are three main types of memory: (1) sensory memory, which lasts less than a second involving the five senses of sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch; (2) short-term memory, also known as working memory; and (3) long-term memory (Camina & Güell, 2017).
Memory Loss/Forgetfulness
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Causes for short-term memory problems include normal aging, different medical conditions, medications (e.g., antidepressants, anti-anxiety meds, muscle relaxants, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and pain medications), mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. Most medical conditions causing short-term memory loss can be improved with treatment.
Dementia
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
Dementia is a syndrome attributed to disease of the brain, usually of a chronic or progressive nature, in which there is a disturbance of multiple brain functions. These impairments may include calculation, learning capacity, language and judgement. It is usually only considered present when there is a resultant impact on social or occupational function. Consciousness is usually unaltered. There may also be deterioration in emotional control, social behaviour or motivation. In other words, it is not simply memory loss but a complex condition that affects multiple aspects of cognition.
Cognition and Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): Participant-Identified Challenges and Strategies, and Implications for Intervention
Published in Occupational Therapy In Health Care, 2022
Carol Hollingsworth, Valerie Boyette, Emily M. Rich, Asha Vas
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a condition of dysautonomia that presents with a variety of physical and cognitive symptoms, some of which result from upright posture or change in positioning. Physical symptoms might include tachycardia, vertigo, presyncope, syncope, temperature changes, fatigue, and chronic pain. Cognitive symptoms may include memory loss, forgetfulness, brain fog, psychosocial challenges, confusion, challenges with attention, executive functioning, and auditory processing (Anderson et al., 2014; Shaw et al., 2019; Welford & McKenna, 2016; Wells et al., 2018). These symptoms can cause significant disruptions in a person’s ability to carry out simple daily tasks from getting ready in the morning (i.e., dressing, showering, grooming) to more complex activities such as grocery shopping (Dochod & Grapczynski, 2019; Rich et al., 2021; Welford & McKenna, 2016). Furthermore, quality of life is often affected as a result of these disruptions, increasing the risk for individuals to suffer from anxiety and depression (Anderson et al., 2014; Raj et al., 2018). Autonomy and independence are often diminished because of the nature of symptoms.
Comparison of ELF-EMFs stimulation with current stimulation on the regulation of LTP of SC-CA1 synapses in young rat hippocampus
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Yu Zheng, Wenjun Zhao, Xiaoxu Ma, Lei Dong, Lei Tian, Mei Zhou
The control results of ELF-EMFs stimulation and current stimulation also showed that TBS-LTP and HFS-LTP were different in sensitivity when under magnetic fields of different frequencies. In 2019, Zheng et al. (2019) used a sinusoidal magnetic field of 15 Hz/2 mT to regulate LTP induced by either TBS or HFS alone and in combination. Their results demonstrated that the same ELF-EMFs have different regulatory effects on LTP induced in different ways. This evidence shows that the induction frequency of TBS and HFS and the specific pathways triggered by them caused differences among related memory diseases. According to the results obtained in this work, the difference between TBS and HFS was also reflected under the ELF-EMFs stimulation. However, no classification of memory types is available in existing studies on TMS treatment for memory-related diseases, but the difference of memory types is worthy of attention in clinical treatment.
Lack of residual morning effects of lemborexant treatment for insomnia: summary of findings across 9 clinical trials
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Margaret Moline, Gary Zammit, Jane Yardley, Kate Pinner, Dinesh Kumar, Carlos Perdomo, Jocelyn Y. Cheng
The Cognitive Performance Assessment Battery was administered by computer and comprised 9 tasks, including simple reaction time, choice reaction time, digit vigilance, immediate word recall, delayed word recall, word recognition, picture recognition, numeric working memory, and spatial working memory. Four composite domain factor scores were calculated by combining outcome variables from the various tests: Quality of memory: Composite score combining the accuracy measures from the 2 tests of working memory and the 4 tests of episodic memory. Reflects the ability to store information in memory and subsequently retrieve it. Higher scores are better.Speed of memory retrieval (msec): Composite score combining the reaction time scores from the 2 working memory tests and the 2 episodic recognition tests. Reflects time taken to retrieve information held in both working and episodic memory. Lower scores are better.Continuity of attention: Composite score combining the accuracy scores from the tests of attention. Reflects the ability to sustain attention (vigilance). Higher scores are better.Power of attention (msec): Composite score from the speed scores of 3 tests of attention. Reflects the ability to focus attention and process information. Lower scores are better.