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Psychology and Human Development EMIs
Published in Michael Reilly, Bangaru Raju, Extended Matching Items for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
Each option may be used once only or not at all.For each of the following descriptions of forgetting, select the theory or process above that most closely describes the phenomenon.A 12-year-old boy can recite his poetry homework perfectly when in his room with his stereo playing, but recalls only bits of it when asked to recite it elsewhere.A 24-year-old woman finds it difficult to remember large portions of her childhood but notes that she had suffered recurrent violent abuse from her father.A 37-year-old man has moved recently from Scotland to the United States. When driving to work, he frequently finds himself getting into the passenger side of the car.A 71-year-old man hears a noise downstairs and fears there is an intruder. He suddenly remembers long-forgotten aspects of being attacked in his house years earlier.
Memory and Decision Making Under Stress
Published in Darrell L. Ross, Gary M. Vilke, Guidelines for Investigating Officer-Involved Shootings, Arrest-Related Deaths, and Deaths in Custody, 2018
As Schacter (2001, 1) points out, “Memory plays such a pervasive role in our daily lives that we often take it for granted until an incident of forgetting or distortion demands our attention.” This is exactly what happens to officers involved in shootings and other events (Artwohl, 2002; Artwohl, 2003; Honig & Sultan, 2004; Hope et al., 2016; Klinger, 2001; Lewinski, 2008; Lewinski et al., 2016; Ross, Murphy, & Hazlett, 2012; Ross & Siddle, 2003), and to other witnesses in the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system now takes a very keen interest in every detail of witnesses' memories and this sometimes does not bode well for everyone involved. Chabris and Simons (2010, 76) report: In many cases, memory distortions and embellishments are minor matters, but in some contexts they have tremendous consequences, precisely because of the illusion of memory. When people are subject to the illusion of memory, they impugn the intentions and motivations of those who are innocently misremembering.
The complexity of people
Published in E. Scott Geller, Working Safe, 2017
This cognitive failure is commonly referred to as “forgetting.” Dr. Norman refers to it as “loss of activation,” because the cue or activator that got the behavior started was lost or forgotten. This happens whenever you start an activity with a clear and specific goal, but after you get engaged in the task you lose sight of the goal. You might, in fact, continue the task but with little awareness of the rationale for progress toward a goal.
Systems consolidation and fear memory generalisation as a potential target for trauma-related disorders
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2022
Lizeth K. Pedraza, Rodrigo O. Sierra, Lucas de Oliveira Alvares
Forgetting is a feature of how our brain works, allowing us to remove unnecessary information. It is thought that forgetting allows animals to express flexible behaviours, responding properly to the environment (Richards and Frankland 2017). Similarly, generalisation extends previously acquired knowledge to novel (but related) learning experiences. Interestingly, it has been suggested the generalisation of contextual fear memories reflects the forgetting of the detailed characteristics or attributes of stimuli involved in the initial learning (Riccio et al. 1992). This assumption is also based on hippocampal involvement during retrieval; that is, the hippocampus becomes less responsible to stimulus attributes during retrieval when the interval between training and testing increases (Jasnow et al. 2012). Migues et al. (2016) showed that contextual fear generalisation can be prevented by blocking mechanisms responsible for memory forgetting. In the last decade, some of the neurobiological basis of memory forgetting have been described (for a review, please see De Oliveira Alvares and Do-Monte 2021), allowing the modulation of this process in order to prevent memory generalisation.
Responsible Remembering and Forgetting in Younger and Older Adults
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2022
Dillon H. Murphy, Alan D. Castel
The present study is consistent with responsible remembering, the self-relevance effect, and the survival effect. Although these phenomena are likely related, there are also several differences. First, we examined the “responsible” aspect of memory, both subjectively and objectively, in that the onus was placed on the participant to selectively and strategically remember goal-relevant items, allowing for novel insights regarding how importance guides those processes. Furthermore, we examined both remembering and forgetting, and how directed forgetting mechanisms may play a role. Specifically, unlike much prior work, we demonstrated how people (young and old) could selectively and strategically forget information that they were no longer responsible for remembering rather than directly instructed to forget.
Forgetting: The Benefits of Not Remembering , by S. A. Small
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2022
There are many important benefits of normal forgetting: it enhances our artistic and creative abilities; benefits our cognitive skill; and boosts our emotional well-being as well as our personal/societal health. Forgetting, along with memory, is needed for our brains to function in peak condition. Forgetting helps us to make better decisions, experience joyfulness in relationships, and allows us to develop artistically. Forgetting is not something which is bad for us, but which greatly enhances how our minds work. Normal forgetting is not to be feared but is beneficial to the way our minds function. There is a difference, it would seem, between selective forgetting (I choose not to remember things I clearly don’t need and can look up if I do need them) and pathological forgetting (the onset of one or more of the dementias). Sleep is a time when our brains clean up and clear out useless memories so that they can make new memories the next day. Our need for sleep—many hours every day, resulting in long periods of helplessness and vulnerability to predators and attacks—is still the subject of vigorous debate and deep mystery (see pp. 118–119).