China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Lifestyle and Diet
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Insomnia is a type of sleep loss. Insomnia, defined as insufficient quantity or quality of sleep, is the most prevalent sleep disorder. Approximately 50% of adults complain of occasional insomnia, and 10–15% of chronic insomnia (93, 97). Insomnia can involve difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or poor quality of sleep. Insomnia commonly leads to daytime sleepiness, lack of energy, lethargy, cognitive impairment, and a general feeling of being unwell, both mentally and physically. Mood swings, irritability, and anxiety are common associated symptoms (93, 97). Insomnia may even precipitate or accompany the development of psychiatric disorders.
Mood Disorders
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Madeleine A. Becker, Tal E. Weinberger, Leigh J. Ocker
Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric illness characterized by episodes of depression alternating with sustained episodes of elevated mood and/or irritability, which are classified as either “mania” or “hypomania.” Hypomania is an attenuated form of mania with no associated functional impairment. Both mania and hypomania are associated with increased energy, decreased need for sleep, rapid speech and/or thoughts, distractibility, impulsivity, mood lability, and grandiosity. “Mood swings” are not adequate for a diagnosis of bipolar disorder; rather, a patient must have a syndrome characterized by sustained symptoms lasting for several days to weeks.
Neurofeedback in Combination with Psychotherapy
Published in Hanno W. Kirk, Restoring the Brain, 2020
The treatment of bipolar disorder typically involves acute stabilization with the goal of bringing a patient with mania or depression back to a stable mood. However, the treatments that alleviate each pole of the disorder can inadvertently result in rebound episodes. Consequently, patients often experience mixed symptoms or subthreshold symptoms, despite overt reports of stabilization. Patients with bipolar disorder struggle with medication compliance and tend to self-medicate with alcohol and other substances. Most of them tend to seek help when they are in the throes of depression but, because they miss their manias, a significant number discontinue anti-depressant medications. In neurofeedback terms, the brain experiences state instabilities that manifest as mood swings. Such shifts of arousal and excitability are eminently addressed with inter-hemispheric and right-sided calming protocols. The brain is guided to regulate itself in both states of hyper-arousal (hypomania or mania) or under-arousal (depression). Neurofeedback facilitates the taming of a kindling, reactive, chaotic nervous system. One of the main advantages of neurofeedback is that it breaks the craving for disregulated manias while also addressing the issue of addictions. Additionally, we prepare the brain to receive the insights from psychotherapy sessions, thus minimizing the frequency, intensity, and duration of mood swings.
Comparing the efficacy of aripiprazole as an add-on to valproate with other second-generation antipsychotics in acute mania symptoms in manic patients in Iran
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2022
Zeinab Sadat Ayatollahi, Mehran Shayganfard, Hamidreza Jamilian, Anita Alaghmand
A person with bipolar disorder has severe mood swings. This fluctuation usually lasts for weeks or months which is completely different from mood changes that occur normally in daily life. These patients have mainly three pathological moods: severe depression; mania; and mixed mood (defined as depression along with hyperactivity due to mania) (Benazzi 2007). Patients with type 1 bipolar disorder experience at least one period of mania for a week. Although most of the patients have depression periods too, some of them experience only mania. Manic episodes can last between 3 and 6 months without treatment. Depression episodes will last 6–12 months if are left untreated (Treuer and Tohen 2010). The aetiology of these disorders is not fully understood, however, research has indicated that bipolar disorder is inherited. In other words, genes are more effective than the environment. Moreover, researchers hypothesised that these disorders may result from a physical problem in a brain area that controls our mood. Additionally, mood swings can sometimes be caused by stress (Miklowitz and Johnson 2006; Arnold et al. 2021).
Good things better? Reappraisal and discrete emotions in acquired brain injury
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2020
Leanne Rowlands, Rudi Coetzer, Oliver H. Turnbull
An important point to address, however, is that many patients with ABI have executive impairment, and may find it difficult to implement such activities (Burgess, Alderman, Evans, Emslie, & Wilson, 1998; Stuss, 2011; Stuss & Alexander, 2007). This highlights the role of external regulation of emotion, which can be very effective (Salas 2012; Salas et al., 2013). For instance, the use of scaffolding or external dialogue from a relative has been shown to compensate for cognitive impairment (Salas et al., 2013). One promising approach would be to reach relatives and care-givers to embed these ideas, so they can be consistently reinforced, and optimize generalization of therapeutic gains. It might be that micro-interventions by families, such as scaffolding, and supporting patients to reflect on Three Good Things, could help patients acknowledge their positive emotions and stabilize the “mood swings”.
The Effect of Psychoeducation on Internalized Stigma of the Hospitalized Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2020
Zinat Keshavarzpir, Naima Seyedfatemi, Marjan Mardani-Hamooleh, Nazanin Esmaeeli, Jennifer E. Boyd
The high prevalence of mental health problems of the public is a concern. Throughout the world, one out of every four persons experiences a mental health problem during their lifetime (Hanisch et al., 2016). Bipolar disorder is a chronic, recurrent mental illness with mood swings (Cardoso et al., 2014). An international meta-analysis estimated that the lifetime prevalence of this disorder was 1.06 − 1.57%, respectively, in the general adult population (Clemente et al., 2015). Bipolar disorder is described as a chronic and cyclical mood disorder involving periods of severe changes in mood and destructive behavior that are intertwined with periods of complete recovery or much improved function (Au et al., 2019). It is sometimes called manic-depressive disorder or manic depression. The main characteristic of this disorder is the experience of hypomania or mania. Mania is a distinct period during which the mood is abnormally and stubbornly high, expansive or irritable. Generally, this period lasts at least 1 week (unless the person is hospitalized and treated early). Hypomania is similar to mania but with less intensity and shorter duration (4 days) that does not impair a person’s ability to function. During depressive episode, an individual experiences a depressed mood or lack of enjoyment in all activities (Mason et al., 2016). Bipolar disorder causes significant changes in the social and professional life of a person and is considered a major health problem regarding its social, economic and quality of life problems (Grande et al., 2016).