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Co-occurring Personality and Substance Use Disorders
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Borderline personality disorder is classified in the DSM-5 (APA, 2013) as code 301.83. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is one of the most widely treated Cluster B personality disorders (Shaw & Zanarini, 2018). Those living with BPD experience intense emotional distress, which is often triggered by misinterpreted social cues. Those living with BPD have a fear of abandonment and may misinterpret benign actions (such as a friend not returning a text immediately) as evidence to support the belief they are being abandoned (Chanen et al., 2020). The misinterpreted social cues flood the individual with intense emotions of anxiety, panic, and frustration. The individual will experience unstable relationships as they react to others in ways that are combative, hurtful, or irritating, causing their supports and even family members to avoid them. Upon realizing that their actions toward others may have been based on misunderstood information, the individual then experiences an increased rush of negative thoughts toward themselves and extreme negative feelings. The intense emotional distress is a trigger for self-injurious behaviors, specifically cutting and increased suicidal ideation (APA, 2013).
Iron, Oxygen Stress, and The Preterm Infant
Published in Bo Lönnerdal, Iron Metabolism in Infants, 2020
The pathologic lung changes occurring in preterm infants treated with supplemental oxygen, intubation, and positive pressure ventilation is called bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).42 BPD occurs in 11 to 21% of infants with hyaline membrane disease treated in this manner.43 In addition to the high incidence of BPD in infants with hyaline membrane disease, it may also occur in similarly treated infants with congenital heart disease or other lung disease. Thus at least four important etiologic factors exist in the development of BPD: oxygen, intubation, immaturity, and pressure.
Breathing pattern disorders in athletes
Published in John W. Dickinson, James H. Hull, Complete Guide to Respiratory Care in Athletes, 2020
John W. Dickinson, Anna Boniface
There are several causes that can contribute to BPD, which are a mixture of physiological, psychological, social and environmental triggers (Table 11.2). With persistent exposure to these triggers hyper-arousal of the nervous system can occur. Signs and symptoms such as reduced tolerance and increased levels of dyspnoea become habitual through the brain associating past emotional experiences with changes in breathing.
LGBT+ People’s Approaches to the Psy Disciplines: A Case Study of A Mental Health Collective in Mumbai, India
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2023
J’s narrative of BPD does not seem to reflect feminist critiques of BPD. This is relevant since J was assigned female at birth. A number of studies have argued that BPD is diagnosed more in women than in men, thus revealing possible sexism (Berger, 2014; Shaw & Proctor, 2005; Tosh, 2016). Shaw and Proctor (2005) also observe that BPD has origins in child sexual abuse but this connection with trauma is often ignored in making a diagnosis through an “aetiological closure” (p. 487). Berger (2014) is not as convinced about the etiology of trauma and emphasizes that the diagnosis is entirely contingent on the discretion of the clinician. But J did not mention anything about the sexual politics of BPD and did not perceive any connections between their experiences of sexual abuse and BPD and believes it to be partially hereditary. This emphasizes that not all people with a diagnosis perceive it as political and it is critical for queer-feminist scholarship in the psy disciplines to take cognizance of these narratives as legitimate.5
Brief internet-delivered skills training based on DBT for adults with borderline personality disorder – a feasibility study
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2023
Sara Vasiljevic, Martina Isaksson, Martina Wolf-Arehult, Caisa Öster, Mia Ramklint, Johan Isaksson
According to the National Institute for Health Care Excellence (NICE), pharmacological treatment should not be used specifically for BPD symptoms such as emotional instability, NSSI, or risk-taking behaviors, but could be considered for managing crises and comorbid symptoms [9]. Instead, the guidelines recommend various psychological treatments for targeting BPD symptoms. The most established psychological treatment for BPD is Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), which in its full standard form (standard DBT) includes a mix of weekly 1-h sessions of individual therapy, 2 h of skills training in a group, phone coaching between sessions, and team consultation for therapists [10–12]. DBT, which has most commonly been evaluated as a 1-year treatment, has demonstrated positive results in previous studies, evidenced by a reduction in NSSI, suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts, and acute psychiatric service use/health care utilization [13–18], as well as an increased usage of skills and a reduction of BPD symptoms [17,19]. DBT has also demonstrated positive effects on comorbidities such as depression [16] and substance dependence [20].
Patient-Initiated Brief Admission for Individuals with Emotional Instability and Self-Harm: An Evaluation of Psychiatric Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2022
Joachim Eckerström, Andreas Carlborg, Lena Flyckt, Nitya Jayaram-Lindström
Emotional instability is common in many psychiatric diagnoses such as anxiety and bipolar disorders and is the most noticeable manifestation of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The onset of these disorders usually occurs during adolescence or early adulthood (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The core symptoms of emotional instability are unstable interpersonal relationships, disturbed self-image and impulsive behaviour (Gunderson et al., 2018). In the general population, the prevalence of BPD varies between 0.7% and 5.9% (Cailhol et al., 2017), with a threefold higher prevalence among women (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The diagnosis is associated with significant mental and physical disability (Grant et al., 2008) and with greater impairments in work, social relationships and leisure activities compared with other chronic psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (Gunderson, 2011). High rates of self-harm and suicidal behaviours are characteristics of BPD, leading to extensive health care usage, including psychiatric in- and outpatient care and emergency hospital services (Chiesa et al., 2002). Among patients with BPD, the rates of attempted and completed suicide are 75% and 10%, respectively (Black et al., 2004). The reduction in life expectancy is 9 years for men and 13 years for women (Cailhol et al., 2017).